Abstract
The post-Cold War period has witnessed a proliferation of ‘multilateral peace operations’ — a term that is used here to refer to two crucial notions which have been in wide circulation for decades: peacekeeping and peace enforcement. The former is usually thought to involve deployment and non-coercive activities of multinational personnel authorized by IGOs with the specific purpose of handling violent conflict. The latter can be said to cover coercive multilateral operations ranging from limited-scope sanctions to full-scale collective security action.
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Notes
B. Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peacekeepin (New York: UN, 1992).
See S.R. Ratner, The New Peacekeeping: Building Peace in Lands of Conflict After the Cold Wa (New York: St. Martin’s Press [now Palgrave Macmillan], 1995), pp.42–3.
Boutros-Ghali (1992), para.26; Commission on Global Governance, p.98; Canada, pp.43–4; Carnegie Commission, pp.44–8; B. Boutros-Ghali, Supplement to An Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary-General on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nation (New York: United Nations, 1995), para.56; Oxfam International, Improving the U’s Response to Complex Emergencie (Position Paper, November 1997), p.10; K.A. Annan, Renewing the United Nations: a Programme for Refor (New York: United Nations, 1997), paras 65, 111; Independent Working Group on the Future of the United Nations, The United Nations in its Second Half-Centur (New York: Ford Foundation, 1995), available online at: <http://www.library.yale.edu//un/unhome.htm> (10 March 1999), paras 11–13 under Part 3a.
Boutros-Ghali (1992), para.25; Canada, p.51; Commission on Global Governance, p.99; Annan, para.110; Brahimi Repor, para.32; G. Evans, Cooperating for Peace: the Global Agenda for the 1990s and Beyon (NSW: Allen & Unwin, 1993), pp.178, 181.
Commission on Global Governance, pp.94–7; Carnegie Commission, chs.3–4; Brahimi Repor, para.29; the South Centre, For A Strong and Democratic United Nations: a South Perspective on UN Refor (Geneva: the South Centre, 1996), p.20.
Boutros-Ghali (1995), paras 66–76; Evans, pp.138–40; Commission on Global Governance, p.108; Carnegie Commission, pp.54–6, 139; Annan, para.108.
E. Childers and B. Urquhart, Renewing the United Nations Syste (Uppsala, Sweden: Dag Hammarskjold Foundation, 1994), pp.204–5, 209; Canada, pp.52, 59; Boutros-Ghali (1992), paras 43–4, 51; Boutros-Ghali (1995), paras 30–1; Oxfam, pp.12–13; Brahimi Repor, paras 118–26, 135–45; 219–25; UNA-USA, pp.17–18, 25–6.
Evans, p.125; Boutros-Ghali (1995), para.44; Canada, p.48. For differing versions of the idea of a rapid-reaction force, see Independent Working Group, paras 24–9 under 3a; Commission on Global Governance, pp.110–12; Carnegie Commission, pp.66–7; Oxfam, pp.12–13; Annan, para.113; Brahimi Repor, paras 84–91, 110–17; and the Military Working Group on a Multinational United Nations Stand-by Forces High Readiness Brigade, Non-Pape (A/51/75-S/1996/166, 5 March 1996). For sceptical views on a ‘standing’ rapid-reaction force, see Evans, pp.163–5; UNA-USA, pp.23–5.
Boutros-Ghali (1995), paras 38, 41; Evans, pp.148–49, 160–61; Carnegie Commission, p.66; UNA-USA, pp.29–31; Commission on Global Governance, pp.102, 109; Canada, p.52; Annan, para.119.
Boutros-Ghali (1992), para.52; Evans, pp.120–4, 170–4; Canada, p.46; Independent Working Group, paras 11–13 under Part 3a; Annan, paras 117–18; Brahimi Repor, paras 68–75, Part IV.
Boutros-Ghali (1992), paras 64–5; Commission on Global Governance, pp.104–5; Carnegie Commission, pp.146–9; Oxfam, pp.13–14. With regard to possible mode of co-ordination between the UN and regional organizations, see Boutros-Ghali (1995), paras 86–8.
Commission on Global Governance, pp.112–13; Boutros-Ghali (1992), paras 47–8, 69–74; Oxfam, p.16; Evans, pp.117–120; the South Centre, pp.77, 97–8; Canada, p.42; Annan, para.114; Brahimi Repor, paras 172–8, 195–6; UNA-USA, pp.33–7.
W.J. Durch (ed.), The Evolution of UN Peacekeeping: Case Studies and Comparative Analysi (London: Macmillan, 1994), p.12.
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Aksu, E. (2002). Reforming Multilateral Peace Operations: a Survey. In: Aksu, E., Camilleri, J.A. (eds) Democratizing Global Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403907110_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403907110_13
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