Abstract
With over 60 years of history behind it, the process of regional integration in Europe has lasted longer, and gone further, than that seen in any other part of the world. The instinct to look to the European example as a case study of integration, from which other regions might derive both positive and negative lessons, is therefore both strong and comprehensible. But any attempt to draw hard and fast lessons from the European story, or to assume any automatic parallels between the pattern of development observed and that likely to occur elsewhere, would be unwise.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Derek Benjamin Heater, The Idea of European Unity (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992);
Élisabeth Du Réau, L’Idée d’Europe au XXe Siècle: Des Mythes aux Réalités (Paris: Éditions Complexe, 2008).
Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. H. R. Trevor-Roper (London: Sadler and Brown, 1963).
Carl Strickwerda, “The Troubled Origins of European Economic Integration: International Iron and Steel and Labor Migration in the Era of World War I,” American Historical Review 98, no. 4 (1993), 1106–29.
John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (London: Macmillan, 1920).
Éric Bussière, “Premiers schémas européens et économie internationale durant l’entre-deux-guerres,” Relations Internationales 123, no. 3 (2005), 51–68.
See, for example, the chapters collected in Wolfram Kaiser and Antonio Varsori (eds.), European Union History: Themes and Debates (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).
For an example of such an early account, see Walter Lipgens, Die Anfänge der Europäischen Einigungspolitik, 1945–1950 (Stuttgart: Klett, 1977).
Alan S. Milward, The European Rescue of the Nation-State, 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 2000).
Geir Lundestad, “Empire” by Integration: The United States and European Integration, 1945–1997 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998).
Michael Charlton, The Price of Victory (London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1985), p. 69.
Josef Becker and Franz Knipping (eds.), Power in Europe? Great Britain, France, Italy, and Germany in a Postwar World, 1945–1950 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1986);
Ennio Di Nolfo (ed.), Power in Europe? II: Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy, and the Origins of the EEC, 1952–1957 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1992).
Clemens A. Wurm, Western Europe and Germany: The Beginnings of European Integration, 1945–1960 (Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1995);
Antonio Varsori (ed.), La Politica Estera Italiana nel Secondo Dopoguerra (1953–1957) (Milan: LED, 1993).
Raymond Poidevin, Robert Schuman: Homme d’État, 1886–1963 (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1986).
See also William I. Hitchcock, France Restored: Cold War Diplomacy and the Quest for Leadership in Europe, 1944–1954 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998).
Gilbert Noël, France, Allemagne et «Europe Verte» (Berne: Peter Lang, 1995).
François Duchêne, Jean Monnet: The First Statesman of Interdependence (New York: Norton, 1994).
Alan S. Milward, The Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1945–1951 (London: Methuen, 1984).
Klaus Schwabe (ed.), Die Anfänge des Schuman-Plans, 1950/51: Beiträge des Kolloquiums in Aachen, 28.–30. Mai 1986 (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1988).
Enrico Serra (ed.), Il Rilancio dell’Europa e i trattati di Roma: Actes du colloque de Rome, 25–28 Mars 1987 (Bruxelles: Bruylant, 1989).
See discussion of the revised Pleven Plan in David A. Messenger, “Dividing Europe: The Cold War and European Integration,” in Desmond Dinan (ed.), Origins and Evolution of the European Union (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 43–5.
Barbara Böttcher and Eva Schmithausen, “A Future in the EU? Reconciling the ‘Brexit’ Debate with a More Modern EU,” EU Monitor, Deutsche Bank Research, September 15, 2014, http://www.dbresearch.in/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_EN-PROD/PROD0000000000341324.pdf (accessed October 24, 2014).
Emmanuel Mourlon-Druol, “Filling the EEC Leadership Vacuum? The Creation of the European Council in 1974,” Cold War History 10, no. 3 (2010), 315–39.
The process of creating a customs union in Europe was begun in 1958, and tariffs and other barriers to trade were abolished in progressive stages, culminating in 1968. See John Pinder and Simon Usherwood, The European Union: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 18, 66.
For some of the difficulties encountered in Southern Africa, see Chris Saunders, Gwinyayi A. Dzinesa, and Dawn Nagar (eds.), Region-Building in Southern Africa: Progress, Problems, and Prospects (London: Zed Books, 2012).
Ludger Kühnhardt, Crises in European Integration: Challenge and Response, 1945–2005 (New York: Berghahn, 2009).
Like the many specialist bodies in the fields of transport, postal communications, and other international services. See Kiran Klaus Patel, “Provincialising European Union: Co-operation and Integration in Europe in a Historical Perspective,” Contemporary European History 22, no. 4 (2013), 649–73.
N. Piers Ludlow, “The End of Symbiosis: The Nixon Era and the Collapse of Comfortable Co-existence between European and Atlantic Integration,” in Giles Scott-Smith and Valérie Aubourg (eds.), Atlantic, Euratlantic, or Europe-America? (Paris: Soleb, 2011), pp. 60–81.
The extent of the EU’s backing can be gauged from Daniel Bach, “The AU and the EU,” in John Akokpari, Angela Ndinga-Muvumba, and Timothy Murithi (eds.), The African Union and Its Institutions (Auckland Park: Fanele, 2009), pp. 355–70.
See also the chapters collected in Adekeye Adebajo and Kaye Whiteman (eds.), The EU and Africa: From Eurafrique to Afro-Europa (New York: Columbia University Press, 2012).
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2016 N. Piers Ludlow
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ludlow, N.P. (2016). Necessary but Not Automatic: How Europe Learned to Integrate. In: Levine, D.H., Nagar, D. (eds) Region-Building in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137586117_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137586117_16
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-60157-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-58611-7
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)