Abstract
Muslim organizations and movements in the United States have deliberated their visibility and moderated their actions to attract the faithful, or to disable negative public attention. They have discussed the ways in which they innovate in order to flourish in the West; whether to open to and recruit outsiders; and how to deal with adversity, discrimination, or outright attacks and challenges. We may perceive these debates embedded in groups’ self-presentation on websites or through other means. While serious challenges may develop from within their own organizations and countries of origin, many hostile responses in the United States arise from the Right-wing mobilization against Muslim organizations that intensified with the 1973 oil crisis and the November 1979 to January 1981 US hostage crisis in Iran, and anti-immigrant sentiment of factions like the Tea Party. Such paranoia has certainly heightened since the attack on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2011 and the growth of violent salafi jihadist organizations.
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© 2016 Sherifa Zuhur
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Zuhur, S. (2016). The Master, the Pir, and Their Followers in Diaspora: Gülen’s Followers (Hizmet) and the Maktab Tariqat Oveyssi Shahmaghsoudi. In: Ennaji, M. (eds) New Horizons of Muslim Diaspora in North America and Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137554963_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137554963_4
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