Skip to main content

The Heritage We Renounce

The Utopian Worldview of Afrocentricity

  • Chapter
Philosophy of African American Studies

Part of the book series: African American Philosophy and the African Diaspora ((AAPAD))

  • 4626 Accesses

Abstract

Following in the tradition of contributionism, Afrocentrists are engaged in an effort to correct the errors, omissions, and distortions of Africa and the Africana diasporic experience produced by European/Anglo-American/Eurocentric scholarship. The African-centered perspective has not differed substantially with Carter G. Woodson’s interpretation of the efficacy of Black history and culture. The Afrocentrists have simply replaced the names of Wheatley, Douglass, and Banneker with those of Ptahhotep, Amenemhat, Duauf Imhotep, and Cheik Anta Diop. They differ with the vindicationist tradition in one respect that is of great importance. Our friends have replaced the racist representation of Africa with a bold, fantastic, and passionate reconstruction of African history which accents the role of African subjectivity. In this respect, they have turned historiography on its head, replacing Euorcentric diffusionist theory with an African-centered one. Africa, instead of Europe, becomes the epicenter of world civilization. Metaphorically speaking, the master narrative has moved from Mt. Olympus to Mt. Kenya!1

This chapter includes revised and altered components of the article “The Utopian Worldview of Afrocentricity: Critical Comments on a Reactionary Philosophy” written by Stephen C Ferguson and published in the March 2011 edition of the Socialism & Democracy Journal. Reprinted by permission of the publisher (Taylor & Francis Ltd., http://www.tandfonline.com).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Also consult, William Leo Hansberry, “The Material Culture of Ancient Nigeria” Journal of Negro History 6(3) (July 1921), 261–295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. William Leo Hansberry and Joseph Harris, The William Leo Hansberry African History Notebook. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wayman B. McLaughlin, “History and the Specious Moment,” History Magazine (North Carolina A & T State University) 1 (Spring 1979), 10–11

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wayman B. McLaughlin, “Is History a Good Training for the Mind?,” History Magazine (North Carolina A & T State University) 3 (Spring 1982), 26–27.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Here are Berkley Branche Eddins’s writings: The Role of Value-Judgments in the Philosophies of History of Oswald Spengler and Arnold Toynbee. PhD Thesis—University of Michigan, 1961

    Google Scholar 

  6. See, for example, Earl E. Thorpe, The Desertion of Man: A Critique of Philosophy of History (Baton Rouge, LA: Ortlieb Press, 1958)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Earl E. Thorpe, Black Historians: A Critique (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1969)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Earl E. Thorpe, The Central Theme of Black History (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  9. See, for example, Michel Foucault, Archaeology of Knowledge (New York: Pantheon Books, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Robert L. Harris, Jr., “Coming of Age: The Transformation of Afro-American Historiography,” in Paradigms in Black Studies: Intellectual History, Cultural Meaning and Political Ideology. ed. Abdul Alkalimat (Chicago, IL: Twenty-First Century Books and Publications, 1990), 29–49, 51–70.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Peniel E. Joseph, “Waiting till the Midnight Hour: Reconceptualizing the Heroic Period of the Civil Rights Movement, 1954–1965,” Souls 2(2) (Spring 2000), 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Peniel E. Joseph, “Introduction: Toward a Historiography of the Black Power Movement,” in The Black Power Movement: Rethinking the Civil Rights-Black Power Era, ed. Peniel E. Joseph (New York: Routledge, 2006), 8.

    Google Scholar 

  13. see Harvard Sitkoff, A New Deal for Blacks: The Emergence of Civil Rights As a National Issue (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Robert J. Norrell, Reaping the Whirlwind: The Civil Rights Movement in Tuskegee (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Robert Korstad and Nelson Lichstein, “Opportunities Lost and Found: Labor, Radicals, and the Early Civil Rights Movement,” Journal of American History 75 (December 1988), 786–811.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. see Ibram Rogers, Black Campus Movement: Black Students and the Racial Reconstitution of Higher Education, 1965–1972 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  17. see Robert L. Allen, Black Awakening in Capitalist America: An Analytical History (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  18. See, forexample, Sundiata Cha-Juaand Clarence Lang, “The ‘LongMovement’ as Vampire: Temporal and Spatial Fallacies in Recent Black Freedom Studies,” The Journal of African American History 92(2) (Spring 2007), 265–288.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Adam Fairclough, “Historians and the Civil Rights Movement,” Journal of American Studies 24(3) (December 1990), 388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. For a good discussion of the fallacy of false periodization, see David H. Fischer, Historians’ Fallacies: Toward a Logic of Historical Thought (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1970), 144–149.

    Google Scholar 

  21. See Devin Fergus, Liberalism, Black Power and the Making of American Politics, 1965–1980 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 196–231.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Peniel Joseph, Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barack Obama (New York: BasicCivitas Books, 2010), 201.

    Google Scholar 

  23. see Paul Louis Street, The Empire’s New Clothes: Barack Obama in the Real World of Power (Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Barbara Foley, “Rhetoric and Silence in Barack Obama’s Dreams from My Father,” Cultural Logic 12 (2009), 1–46

    Google Scholar 

  25. Adolph Reed, “Nothing Left: The long, slow surrender of American liberals,” Harpers Magazine 328(1966) (March 2014), 28–36.

    Google Scholar 

  26. For Obama’s pragmatic support of Ronald Reagan, see The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the American Dream (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2006), 289.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Karl Marx, Selected Writings, ed. Lawrence H. Simon (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing, 1994), 277.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Paul Blackledge, Reflections on the Marxist Theory of History (New York: Palgrave, 2006), 27.

    Google Scholar 

  29. See David Seddon, Relations of Production: Marxist Approaches to Economic Anthropology (London: Frank Cass, 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Jean Suret-Canale, Essays on African History: From the Slave Trade to Neocolonialism (Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Samir Amin, Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  33. see Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja, “The Political Economy Approach in African Studies,” in The Next Decade: Theoretical and Research issues in Africana Studies, ed. James Turner (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Africana Studies and Research Center, 1984), 301–339.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, The German Ideology in Collected Works, Vol. 5 (New York: International Publishers, 1976), 37.

    Google Scholar 

  35. See Paul Blackledge, Reflections on the Marxist Theory of History (New York: Palgrave, 2006), 28.

    Google Scholar 

  36. See Shamoon Zamir, Dark Voices: W.E.B. Du Bois and American Thought, 1888–1903 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1995)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wilson Jeremiah Moses, Creative Conflict in African American Thought: Frederick Douglass, Alexander Crummell, Booker T Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Marcus Garvey (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  38. Wilson J. Moses, “W.E.B. Du Bois’s ‘The Conservation of Races’ and Its Context: Idealism, Conservatism and Hero Worship,” The Massachusetts Review 34(2) (1993), 275–294.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Paul Gilroy, The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), 134.

    Google Scholar 

  40. William Henry Ferris, The African Abroad, Or, His Evolution in Western Civilization, Tracing His Development Under Caucasian Milieu, Vol. 1 (New Haven, CT: The Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Press, 1913), 17.

    Google Scholar 

  41. William H. Ferris, The African Abroad: Or His Evolution in Western Civilization, vols. I & II (New Haven, CT: The Tuttle, Moorehouse and Taylor Press, 1913), 34–35.

    Google Scholar 

  42. see John H. McClendon, “The Afro-American Philosopher and the Philosophy of the Black Experience,” Sage Race Relations Abstracts 7(4) (November 1982), 22–25.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Also read Alfred Moss, The American Negro Academy (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  44. see Rufus L. Perry, The Cushite or the Descendents of Ham (Springfield, MA: Wiley, 1893).

    Google Scholar 

  45. G. W F. Hegel, The Philosophy of History. Translated by J. Sibree (New York: Dover Publications, 1956), 33.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Martin Luther King, Jr., Stride Toward Freedom (New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1958), 44.

    Google Scholar 

  47. see Stephen Ferguson, “The Philosopher King: An Examination of the Influence of Dialectics on King’s Political Thought and Practice,” in Philosophical Perspectives on Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. Robert E. Birt (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2012), 87–107.

    Google Scholar 

  48. See also, John J. Ansbro, Martin Luther King, Jr.: The Making of a Mind (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Press, 1982)

    Google Scholar 

  49. George Russell Seay, Jr., Theologian of Synthesis: The Dialectical Method of Martin Luther King, Jr. As Revealed in His Critical Thinking on Theology, History and Ethics (PhD diss., Vanderbilt University, 2008).

    Google Scholar 

  50. See David L. Lewis, W. E. B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1868–1919 (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1993), 165.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Karl Marx, “Preface,” to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (New York: International Publishers, 1970), 19–23.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Alex Callinicos, Marxism and Philosophy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 51.

    Google Scholar 

  53. See Terry Eagleton, Ldeology: An Lntroduction (New York: Verso, 1991), 103.

    Google Scholar 

  54. see Shannon M. Mussett, “On the Threshold of History: The Role of Nature and Africa in Hegel’s Philosophy,” in Tensional Landscapes: The Dynamics of Boundaries and Placements, ed. Gary Backhaus and John Murungi (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1981), 46–47.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Alex Callinicos, Theories and Narratives: Reflections on the Philosophy of History (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995), 95–109.

    Google Scholar 

  57. M. C. Lemon, Philosophy of History: A Guide for Students (New York: Routledge, 2003), 102.

    Google Scholar 

  58. See Wilson Moses, Afrotopia: The Roots of African American Popular History (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  59. See also, St. Clair Drake, Black Folk Here and There: An Essay in History and Anthropology (Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, University of California, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  60. see Messay Kebede, “The Ethiopian Conception of Time and Modernity,” in Listening to Ourselves: A multilingual anthology of African philosophy, ed. Jeffers, Chike (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2013), 15–35.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Nikitah Okembe-RA Imani, “The Implications of African-Centered Conceptions of Time and Space for Quantitative Theorizing: Limitations of Paradigmatically-Bound Philosophical Meta-Assumptions,” The Journal of Pan African Studies 5(4) (June 2012), 101–111.

    Google Scholar 

  62. see Earl E. Thorpe, The Desertion of Man: A Critique of Philosophy of History (Baton Rouge, LA: Ortlieb Press, 1958), 119–136.

    Google Scholar 

  63. T. C. Keto, The African Centered Perspective of History (Chicago, IL: Research Associates School Times/Karnak House, 1994), 119.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Kwame Nkrumah, Consciencism: Philosophy and Ideology for Decolonization (New York: Monthly Review, 1970), 9.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Thomas Carlyle, On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History (London: Chapman & Hall, 1901), 2.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Molefi K. Asante, Afrocentricity (Chicago, IL: African American Images, 2003), 59. All citations are from this edition unless otherwise stated.

    Google Scholar 

  67. See Adolph Reed, Jr., “Marxism and Nationalism in Afro-America,” Social Theory and Practice 1 (Fall 1971), 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Jennifer Jordan, “Cultural Nationalism in the 1960s: Politics and Poetry,” in Race, Politics, and Culture: Critical Essays on the Radicalism of the 1960s, ed. Adolph Reed (New York: Greenwood Press, 1986), 34.

    Google Scholar 

  69. G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981), 44.

    Google Scholar 

  70. See Kwame Nkrumah, Class Struggle in Africa (New York: International Publishers, 1970).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Makungu M. Akinyela, “Rethinking Afrocentricity: The Foundation of a Theory of Critical Afrocentricity,” in Culture and Difference: CriticalPerspectives on the Bicultural Experience in the United States, ed. Antonia Darder (Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 1995), 21–39.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Richard B. Moore, “Africa Conscious Harlem,” in Richard B. Moore, Caribbean Militant in Harlem: Collected Writings, 1920–1972, ed. W. Burghardt Turner and Joyce Moore Turner (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 163–164.

    Google Scholar 

  73. See Joseph E. Holloway, Africanisms in American Culture (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Manthia Diawara, “Afro-Kitsch,” in Black Popular Culture, ed. Michele Wallace and Gina Dent (Seattle, WA: Bay Press, 1992), 289.

    Google Scholar 

  75. T. C. Keto, Vision and Time: Historical Perspective of an African-Centered Paradigm (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2001), 6.

    Google Scholar 

  76. See Miles Mark Fisher, Negro Slaves in the United States (New York: Citadel, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  77. See James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  78. James C. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance Hidden Transcripts (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  79. see Robin Kelley, Race Rebels: Culture, Politics and the Black Working Class (New York: Free Press, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  80. see Adolph Reed, “What Are the Drums Saying, Booker?,” in Class Notes: Posing As Politics and Other Thoughts on the American Scene (New York: New Press, 2000), 77–90.

    Google Scholar 

  81. see Abram Harris, “Reconstruction and Negro,” in Race, Radicalism, and Reform: Selected Papers, ed. William A. Darity (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1989), 209–212

    Google Scholar 

  82. Chandler Owen, “Du Bois on Revolution,” in The Messenger Reader: Stories, Poetry, and Essays from the Messenger Magazine, ed. Sondra K. Wilson (New York: Modern Library, 2000), 317–321.

    Google Scholar 

  83. See Joe William Trotter, The Great Migration in Historical Perspective: New Dimensions of Race, Class, and Gender (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Joe William Trotter, Black Milwaukee: The Making of an Industrial Proletariat, 1915–45 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  85. Joe William Trotter, Coal Class, and Color: Blacks in Southern West Virginia, 1915–32 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  86. A. J. Temu and Bonaventure Swai, Historians and Africanist History: A Critique—Post-Colonial Historiography Examined (London: Zed Press, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte in Collected Works of Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels, Vol. 11 (New York: International Publishers, 1979), 103.

    Google Scholar 

  88. see Alex Callinicos, Making History: Agency, Structure and Change in Social Theory (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  89. See Peter T. Manicas, A History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences (New York: B.Blackwell, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Gregor McLennan, Marxism and the Methodologies of History (New York: Verso, 1981), 103.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Molefi K. Asante, The Afrocentric Idea (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1987), 4.

    Google Scholar 

  92. See, for example, Nah Dove, “An African-Centered Critique of Marx’s Logic,” The Western Journal of Black Studies 19(4) (1995), 260–271.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Molefi Kete Asante and Abdulai S. Vandi, Contemporary Black Thought: Alternative Analyses in Social and Behavioral Science (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1980), 27.

    Google Scholar 

  94. see Nyerere’s Freedom and Socialism — Uhuru na Ujamaa: A Selection from Writings and Speeches, 1965–67 (Dar Es Salaam: Oxford University Press, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  95. see, Issa G. Shivji’s Class Struggles in Tanzania (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Vol. 1 (New York: International Publishers, 1977), 587.

    Google Scholar 

  97. see Earl Ofari Hutchinson, “The Continuing Myth Of Black Capitalism,” The Black Scholar 23(1) (1993), 16–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Abram Lincoln Harris, The Negro As Capitalist; A Study of Bankingand Business Among American Negroes (College Park, MD: McGrath Publishing Co., 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  99. Guillemette Andreu, Egypt in the Age of the Pyramids. Translated by David Lorton (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), 28.

    Google Scholar 

  100. see Chris Wickham, “The Uniqueness of the East,” Journal of Peasant Studies 12(2–3) (1985), 166–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Samir Amin, Eurocentrism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  102. See Molefi K. Asante, Classical Africa (Maywood, NJ: Peoples Publishing Group, 1994), 27–29

    Google Scholar 

  103. Leonard H. Lesko, Pharaoh’s Workers: The Villagers of Deir El Medina (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994)

    Google Scholar 

  104. Barry Kemp, Ancient Egypt Anatomy of a Civilization (New York: Routledge, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  105. Rosalind Janssen and Jac. J. Janssen, Growing Up in Ancient Egypt (London: Rubicon Press, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  106. Molefi K. Asante, “African American Studies: The Future of the Discipline,” in The African American Studies Reader, ed. Nathaniel Norment (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2001), 343.

    Google Scholar 

  107. V. I. Lenin, “A Great Beginning: Heroism of the Workers in the Rear ‘Communist Subbotniks’,” in Collected Works, Vol. 29 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1965), 421.

    Google Scholar 

  108. See also, Charles Loren, Classes in the United States: Workers against Capitalists (Davis, CA: Cardinal Publishers, 1977)

    Google Scholar 

  109. Bade Onimode, A Political Economy of the African Crisis (London: Zed Books with the Institute for African Alternatives, 1988)

    Google Scholar 

  110. Bade Onimode, An Introduction to Marxist Political Economy (London: Zed Books, 1985)

    Google Scholar 

  111. Teresa L. Ebert and Mas’ud Zavarzadeh, “ABC of Class,” Nature, Society and Thought 17(2) (April 2004), 133–141.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Russell Keat and John Urry, Social Theory as Science (London: Routledge & Paul, 1975), 94–95.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Bill Fletcher, Jr., “Black Studies and the Question of Class,” in Dispatches from the Ebony Towers: Intellectuals Confront the African American Experience (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 161.

    Google Scholar 

  114. See, for example, Abram Lincoln Harris, The Negro As Capitalist; A Study of Banking and Business Among American Negroes (College Park, MD: McGrath Publishing, 1968)

    Google Scholar 

  115. G. Nzongola-Ntalaja, “The Political Economy Approach in African Studies,” in The Next Decade: Theoretical and Research Issues in Africana Studies, ed. James E. Turner (Ithaca, NY: Africana Studies & Research Center, 1984), 301–339

    Google Scholar 

  116. Chidi Amuta, The Theory of African literature: Implications for Practical Criticism (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Zed Books, 1989)

    Google Scholar 

  117. Bernard Magubane and Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja, Proletarianization and Class Struggle in Africa (San Francisco, CA: Synthesis Publications, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  118. Molefi K. Asante, “The Ideological Significance of Afrocentricity in Intercultural Communication,” Journal of Black Studies 14(1) (September 1983), 7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. see G. E. M. De Ste. Croix, The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World: From the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  120. Peter W. Rose, Class in Archaic Greece (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  121. see Leo Zeilig (ed.) Class Struggle and Resistance in Africa (Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books, 2009).

    Google Scholar 

  122. See Oliver C. Cox, Caste, Class, & Race; A Study in Social Dynamics (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1959).

    Google Scholar 

  123. Cheikh Anta Diop, Civilization or Barbarism: An Authentic Anthropology (Brooklyn, NY: Lawrence Hill, 1991), 141–143

    Google Scholar 

  124. See Cheikh Anta Diop, Civilization or Barbarism: An Authentic Anthropology (Brooklyn, NY: Lawrence Hill, 1991), 109–207.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Bernard M. Mugabane, “The Evolution of Class Structure in Africa,” in African Sociology—Towards a Critical Perspective: The Collected Essays of Bernard Makhosezwe Magubane (Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2000), 255. Nkrumah’s Class Struggle in Africa attacks the myth that class structures which exist in other parts of the world did not exist in Africa. See Nkrumah, Class Struggle in Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Melba Joyce Boyd, “Afrocentrics, Afro-elitists, and Afro-eccentrics,” in Dispatches from the Ebony Tower in Dispatches from the Ebony Towers: Intellectuals Confront the African American Experience, ed. Manning Marable (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), 207.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 2015 Stephen C. Ferguson II

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ferguson, S.C. (2015). The Heritage We Renounce. In: Philosophy of African American Studies. African American Philosophy and the African Diaspora. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137549976_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics