Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Human Mobility and Adaptation: Reducing Susceptibility to Climatic Stressors and Mainstreaming

  • Chapter
Environmental Change, Adaptation and Migration

Abstract

Worldwide, climate-sensitive livelihoods (such as farming, fishing and herding) are under pressure from changes in weather patterns. As people observe these changes, they undertake adaptive measures with the goal of avoiding or reducing the negative impacts of climatic stressors on their development goals (like food consumption, livelihood diversification, education and health). This chapter explores the factors that affect climate sensitivity and migration decisions, and how these factors relate to adaptation mainstreaming.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • T. Afifi (2011) “Economic or Environmental Migration? The Push Factors in Niger” International Migration, 49, 1, 95–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T. Afifi, E. Liwenga and L. Kwezi (2014) “Rainfall Induced Crop Failure, Food Insecurity and Outmigration in Same-Kilimanjaro, Tanzania”, Climate and Development, 6, 1, 53–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. Aid (2007) The Human Tide: The Real Migration Crisis, A Christian Aid Report, http://www.christianaid.org.uk/Images/human_tide3__tcm15–23335.pdf, accessed 28 June 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Betts (2010) “Survival Migration: A New Protection Framework”, Global Governance, 16,3,361–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Black, S. R. G. Bennett, S. M. Thomas and J. R. Beddington (2011) “Climate Change: Migration as Adaptation”, Nature, 478, 7370, 447–449.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O. Brown (2008) Migration and Climate Change, Research Series No. 31 ( Geneva: International Organization for Migration ).

    Google Scholar 

  • M. M. Cernea (1999) “The Need for Economic Analysis of Resettlement: A Sociologist’s View” in M.M. Cernea (ed.), The Economics of Involuntary Resettlement: Questions and Challenges ( Washington, DC: The World Bank ), 53–60.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • K. Dow, F. Berkhout, B. L. Preston, R. J. T. Klein, G. Midgley and M. R. Shaw (2013) “Limits to Adaptation”, Nature Climate Change, 3, 305–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E. El-Hinnawi (1985) Environmental Refugees ( Nairobi: United Nations Development Programme).

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Hugo (2008) Migration, Development and Environment ( Geneva: International Organization for Migration).

    Google Scholar 

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2012) Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation, A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Jäger, J. Frühmann, S. Grünberger and A. Vag (2009) Environmental Change and Forced Migration Scenarios Project Synthesis Report, Deliverable D.3.4 for the European Commission (CCEMA).

    Google Scholar 

  • G. Jonsson (2010) The Environmental Factor in Migration Dynamics — A Review of African Case Studies, Working Paper 21 ( Oxford: International Migration Institute ).

    Google Scholar 

  • R. W. Kates, W. R. Travis and T. J. Wilbanks (2012) “Transformational Adaptation When Incremental Adaptations to Climate Change Are Insufficient”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, 7156–7161.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • F. Laczko and C. Aghazarm (2009) Migration, Environment and Climate Change: Assessing the Evidence ( Geneva: International Organization for Migration).

    Google Scholar 

  • LEG (2012) Least Developed Countries Expert Group National Adaptation Plans. Technical Guidelines for the National Adaptation Plan Process, December 2012 (Bonn: UNFCCC), http://unfccc.int/NAP, accessed 28 June 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • N. Luhmann (2004) Law as a Social System (Oxford: Oxford University Press). Translated by K. A. Ziegert, edited by F. Kastner, R. Nobles, D. Schiff and R. Ziegert.

    Google Scholar 

  • P. Martin (2010) Climate Change, Agricultural Development, and Migration. Background Paper for the Transatlantic study team on climate change and migration, German Marshall Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • S. F. Martin (2010) Climate Change and International Migration, Background Paper for the Transatlantic study team on climate change and migration ( Washington, DC: German Marshall Fund).

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Milan, G. Gioli and T. Afifi (2014) “Migration and Global Environmental Change: Methodological Lessons from Mountain Areas of the Global South”, Earth System Dynamics Discussion, 5, 1711–1749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Morrissey (2009) “Environmental Change and Forced Migration: A State of the Art Review”, Refugee Studies Centre Background Paper (Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre), http://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/publications/other/dpenvironmental-change-forced-migration-2009.pdf, accessed 02 April 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • N. Myers (2005) “Environmental Refugees: An Emergent Security Issue. 13th Economic Forum”, Prague, 23–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. O’Brien (2012) “Global Environmental Change II: From Adaptation to Deliberate Transformation”, Progress in Human Geography, 36, 5, 667–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nansen Initiative (2013) Disasters and Cross-Border Displacement in Central America: Emerging Needs, New Responses — Conclusions (San Jose: Nansen Initiative Regional Consultation), 2–4 December 2013, http://www.nanseninitiative.org/sites/default/files/Conclusions%20Central%20American%20Consultation%20in%20English%20%28FINAL%29.pdf, accessed 15 May 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nansen Initiative (2014) Natural Hazards, Climate Change, and Cross-Border Displacement in the Greater Horn of Africa: Protecting People on the Move — Conclusions (Nairobi: Nansen Initiative Regional Consultation), http://www.nanseninitiative.org/sites/default/files/Horn%20of%20Africa%20Outcome%20Document%20%28Final%20May%202014%29.pdf, accessed 15 May 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • E. Piguet (2010) “Linking Climate Change, Environmental Degradation, and Migration: A Methodological Overview”, WIREs Climate Change, 1, 4, 517–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. Tacoli (2009) “Crisis or Adaptation? Migration and Climate Change in a Context of High Mobility” in J. M.Guzmán, G. Martine, G. McGranahan, D. Schensul and C. Tacoli (eds.), Population Dynamics and Climate Change ( New York: UNFPA ), 104–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Least Developed Countries Expert Group (2012) National Adaptation Plans. Technical Guidelines for the National Adaptation Plan Process. Bonn: UNFCCC secretariat. Bonn, Germany. December 2012. Available at http://unfccc.int/NAP. accessed 9 June 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Warner and T. Afifi (2014) “Where the Rain Falls: Evidence from 8 Countries on the Circumstances under Which Households Use Migration to Manage the Risk of Rainfall Variability and Food Insecurity”, Climate and Development, 6, 1, 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Warner, T. Afifi, K. Henry, T. Rawe, C. Smith and A. de Sherbinin (2012) Where the Rain Falls: Climate Change, Food and Livelihood Security, and Migration, Global Policy Report of the Where the Rain Falls Project ( Bonn: United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security & CARE).

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Warner, T. Afifi, W. Kälin, S. Leckie, B. Ferries, S. F. Martin and D. Wrathall (2013) Changing Climate, Moving People: Framing Migration, Displacement and Planned Relocation, UNI-EHS Publication Series, Policy Brief No. 8 (United Nations University, Bonn) https://www.ehs.unu.edu/file/get/11213.pdf, accessed 2 April 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. Warner, C. Ehrhart, A. de Sherbinin, S. Adamo and T. Chai-Onn (2009) In Search of Shelter: Mapping the Effects of Climate Change on Human Migration and Displacement (Geneva: United Nations University, Institute for Environment and Human Security).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Koko Warner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Juan Hoffmaister
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andrea Milan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Technische Universität Berlin and IRS (Institute for Regional Development and Structural Planning), Germany

    Felicitas Hillmann (Professor) (Professor)

  2. University of Cologne, Germany

    Marie Pahl (Research Associate), Birte Rafflenbeul (Research Associate) & Harald Sterly (Scientific Coordinator) (Research Associate),  (Research Associate) &  (Scientific Coordinator)

Copyright information

© 2015 Koko Warner, Juan Hoffmaister and Andrea Milan

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Warner, K., Hoffmaister, J., Milan, A. (2015). Human Mobility and Adaptation: Reducing Susceptibility to Climatic Stressors and Mainstreaming. In: Hillmann, F., Pahl, M., Rafflenbeul, B., Sterly, H. (eds) Environmental Change, Adaptation and Migration. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137538918_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation