Skip to main content

Comedy, Creativity, Agency: The Hybrid Individual

  • Chapter
The Creative System in Action

Abstract

Graeme Ritchie stated, ‘there is little doubt that the construction of humor is generally regarded as creative … and any general theory of creativity should have something to say about humor’ (2009, p. 71). If we define humour as the ability to perceive or express the intentional or unintentional comic elements of life, and comedy as an intentionally structured cultural product, then any general theory of creativity should have something to say about the creation and performance of comedy rather than of humour in general. To examine the relationship between creativity and comedy, this research project scrutinized the creative structures and processes of an award-winning comedy duo. The duo, called the Atomic Playboy and the Radiation Romeo, perform a vaudevillian ‘Two-Act’ (Cullen 2007, Page 1915). What marks Atomic and Romeo as an unusual case is that they are not human, they are small artificial intelligence (AI) agents — chat-bots.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • ALICE AI Foundation, I. (2011) ALICE, ALICE AI Foundation, Inc., http://alicebot.blogspot.com/, date accessed 8 November 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  • Attardo, S. (1994) Linguistic Theories of Humor (Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barad, K. (2003) ‘Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter’, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(3), 801–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergson, H. (1911) Laughter: An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic (London: Macmillan).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bergson, H. (1920) Creative Evolution (London: Macmillan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Binsted, K., Bergen, B., Coulson, S., Nijholt, A., Stock, O., Strapparava, C., Ritchie, G., Manurung, R., Pain, H., Waller, A. and O’Mara, D. (2006) ‘Computational Humor’, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21(2), 59–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boden, M. (1994) Dimensions of Creativity (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boden, M. (2004) The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms, 2nd edn (London: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourke, N. and Neilsen, P. (2004) ‘The Problem of the Exegesis in Creative Writing Higher Degrees’, TEXT Special Issue 3, www.textjournal.com.au/speciss/issue3/bourke.htm.

  • Bracken, C. C., Jeffres, L. W. and Neuendorf, K. A. (2004) ‘Criticism or Praise? The Impact of Verbal versus Text-Only Computer Feedback on Social Presence, Intrinsic Motivation, and Recall’, CyberPsychology and Behavior, 7(3), 349–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callon, M. (2005) ‘Why Virtualism Paves the Way to Political Impotence: A Reply to Daniel Miller’s Critique of The Laws of the Markets’, Economic Sociology: The European Electronic Newsletter, 6(2), 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christian, B. (2011) The Most Human Human: What Talking with Computers Teaches Us About What It Means to Be Alive (New York: Doubleday).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, J. (1992) More Great Interviews (Sydney: Allen & Unwin).

    Google Scholar 

  • Critchley, S. (2002) On Humour: Thinking in Action (New York: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999) ‘Implications of a Systems Perspective for the Study of Creativity’, in R. Sternberg (ed.) Handbook of Creativity (Cambridge University Press), pp. 313–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen, F. (2007) Vaudeville, Old and New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America (New York: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, V. (dir.) (1939) The Wizard of Oz, Film, USA. Distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1979) Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure, and Contradiction in Social Analysis (London: Macmillan).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1995) The Constitution of Society (Cambridge: Polity Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, S. (2012a) Funniest Computer Ever Competition, Hawaii Pacific University, http://funniestcomputer.neurogrid.com/home, date accessed 1 November 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, S. (2012b) Funniest Computer Ever Competition — 2012 Results, Hawaii Pacific University, http://funniestcomputer.neurogrid.com/2012-competition, date accessed 24 March 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, S. (2013) Funniest Computer Ever Competition — 2013 Results, Hawaii Pacific University, http://funniestcomputer.neurogrid.com/2013-contest, date accessed 20 January 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirakowski, J., O’Donnell, P. and Yiu, A. (2009) ‘Establishing the Hallmarks of a Convincing Chatbot-Human Dialogue’, in I. Maurtua (ed.) Human-Computer Interaction (Croatia: InTech).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koestler, A. (1975) The Ghost in the Machine (London: Pan Books).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koprince, S. F. (2002) Understanding Neil Simon (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Loebner, H. (2013) Loebner Prize, www.loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html, date accessed 20 January 2014.

  • McIntyre, P. (2012) Creativity and Cultural Production: Issues for Media Practice (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Meany, M. M. and Clark, T. (2012) ‘Chat-bot Humour: A Survey of Methodological Approaches for a Creative New Media Project’, The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society, 8, 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meany, M. M., Clark, T. and Joseph, S. (2014a) ‘Comedy and Artificial Intelligence: Do We Laugh When a Thing Gives the Impression of Being a Person?’, The International Journal of New Media, Technology and the Arts, 8(2), 21–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meany, M. M., Clark, T. and Laineste, L. (2014b) ‘Comedy, Creativity, and Culture: A Metamodern Perspective’, The International Journal of Literary Humanities, 11(4), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morreall, J. (2009) Comic Relief: A Comprehensive Philosophy of Humor (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Orlikowski, W. J. (2010) ‘The Sociomateriality of Organisational Life: Considering Technology in Management Research’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34, 125–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orlikowski, W. J. and Scott, S. V. (2008) ‘Sociomateriality: Challenging the Separation of Technology, Work and Organization’, The Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 433–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page, B. (1915) Writing for Vaudeville (Springfield, MA: The Home Correspondence School).

    Google Scholar 

  • Raskin, V. (2008) The Primer of Humor Research (Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Reeves, B. and Nass, C. (1996) The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media Like Real People and Places (Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie, G. (2004) The Linguistic Analysis of Jokes (London and New York: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie, G. (2009) ‘Can Computers Create Humor?’, AI Magazine, 30(3), 71–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, R. K. (1999) ‘The Emergence of Creativity’, Philosophical Psychology, 12(4), 447–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saygin, A. P., Ciciekli, I. and Akman, V. (2000) ‘Turing Test: 50 Years Later’, Minds and Machines, 10(4), 463–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shechtman, N. and Horowitz, L. M. (2003) ‘Media Inequality in Conversation: How People Behave Differently when Interacting with Computers and People’, in proceedings of SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, pp. 281–8. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=642661.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, L. (2007) Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions (Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turing, A. M. (1950) ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’, Mind, 59(236), 433–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vorhaus, J. (1994) The Comic Toolbox: How to be Funny Even if You’re Not (St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, R. S. (2003) Elements of AIML Style (San Francisco: The ALICE Artificial Intelligence Foundation, Inc.). www.alicebot.org/style.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, R. S. (2008) PNAMBIC, The ALICE Artificial Intelligence Foundation, www.alicebot.org/articles/wallace/pnambic.html, date accessed 13 July 2011.

  • Weizenbaum, J. (1966) ‘ELIZA — A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine’, Communications of the ACM, 9(1), 36–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willis, E. E. (2005) How to be Funny on Purpose (Toronto: Cybercom Publishing).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittgenstein, L. (1976) Philosophical Investigations (Oxford: Basil Blackwell).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2016 Michael Meany

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Meany, M. (2016). Comedy, Creativity, Agency: The Hybrid Individual. In: McIntyre, P., Fulton, J., Paton, E. (eds) The Creative System in Action. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137509468_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics