Akyeampong, E. 1996. Drink, Power, and Cultural Change: A Social History of Alcohol in Ghana, c.1800 to Recent Times. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
Google Scholar
Anderson, P., De Bruijn, A., Angus, K., Gordon, R. and Hastings, G. 2009. Impact of alcohol advertising and media exposure on adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 44(3): 229–243
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Artadi, E.V. and Sala-i-Martin, X. 2003. The Economic Tragedy of the XXth Century: Growth in Africa. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Baum-Baicker, C. 1985. The psychological benefits of moderate alcohol consumption: a review of the literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 15(4): 305–322
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Bowdich, T.E. 2014. Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Bryceson, D.F. 2002. Changing modalities of alcohol usage. In D.F. Bryceson (ed.), Alcohol in Africa: Mixing Business, Pleasure and Politics. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
Google Scholar
De Bruijin, A. 2011. Alcohol marketing practices in Africa-findings from Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria and Uganda. Monitoring Alcohol Marketing in Africa MAMPA project. (MAMPA Project No. WM 274). Brazzaville, Congo: World Health Organization Africa Regional Office
Google Scholar
De Bruijin, A., Ferreira-Borges, C., Engels, R. and Bhavsar, M. 2014. Monitoring outdoor alcohol advertising in developing countries: findings of a pilot study in five African countries. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, 13(1): 13–29
Google Scholar
Dobler, G. 2010. Licence to drink: between liberation and inebriation in northern Namibia. In S. Van Wolputte and M. Fumanti (eds.), Beer in Africa: Drinking Spaces, States and Selves. Münster, Berlin: LIT Verlag
Google Scholar
Haggblade, S. and Holzafel, W.H. 2004. Industrialization of Africa’s indigenous beer brewing. In K. Steinkraus (ed.), Industrialization of Indigenous Fermented Foods, Revised and Expanded. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc
Google Scholar
Heap, S. 2010. Beer in Nigeria: a social brew with an economic head. In S. Van Wolputte and M. Fumanti (eds.), Beer in Africa: Drinking Spaces, States and Selves. Münster, Berlin: LIT Verlag
Google Scholar
Henriksen, L., Feighery, E.C., Schleicher, N.C. and Fortmann, S.P. 2008. Receptivity to alcohol marketing predicts initiation of alcohol use. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(1): 28–35
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Hill, L. 2009. The Book of Negroes. London: Transworld Publishers
Google Scholar
Jernigan, D.H., Obot, I.S., and Jos, N. 2006. Thirsting for the African market. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, 5(1): 57–70
Google Scholar
Kwate, N.O.A. and Meyer, I.H. 2009. Association between residential exposure to outdoor alcohol advertising and problem drinking among African American women in New York City. American Journal of Public Health, 99(2): 228
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Landau, P.S. 1995. The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in a Southern African Kingdom. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann
Google Scholar
McAllister, P.A. 1993. Indigenous beer in southern Africa: functions and fluctuations. African Studies, 52(1): 71–88
CrossRef
Google Scholar
McAllister, P. A. 2010. Ubuntu and the morality of Xhosa beer drinking — a critical appraisal. In S. Van Wolputte and M. Fumanti (eds.), Beer in Africa: Drinking Spaces, States and Selves. Münster, Berlin: LIT Verlag
Google Scholar
Martinez, P., Landheim, A., Clausen, T. and Lien, L. 2011. A comparison of alcohol use and correlates of drinking patterns among men and women aged 50 and above in Ghana and South Africa. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, 10(2): 75–87
Google Scholar
Obot, I.S. 2006. Alcohol use and related problems in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, 5(1): 17–26
Google Scholar
Obot, I. S. 2013. Alcohol marketing in Africa: not an ordinary business. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, 12(1): 63–73
Google Scholar
Odejide, O.A. 2006. Alcohol policies in Africa. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, 5(1): 27–39
Google Scholar
Pan, L. 1975. Alcohol in Colonial Africa. Helsinki: Finnish Foundation of Alcohol Studies
Google Scholar
Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y. and Patra, J. 2009. Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. The Lancet, 373(9682), 2223–2233
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Roberts, J. 2010. Michael Power and Guinness masculinity in Africa. In S. Van Wolputte and M. Fumanti (eds.), Beer in Africa: Drinking Spaces, States and Selves. Münster, Berlin: LIT Verlag
Google Scholar
Siiskonen, H. 1994. Namibia and the heritage of colonial alcohol policy. Nordic Journal of African Studies, 3(1): 77–86
Google Scholar
Slocum, J.W. Jr, Conder, W., Corradini, E., Foster, R., Frazer, R., Lei, D., McGuire, M., Ross, J. and Scott, S. 2006. Fermentation in the China beer industry. Organizational Dynamics, 35(1): 32–48
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Speke, J.H. 1967. What Led to the Discovery of the Source of the Nile. London: Frank Cass
Google Scholar
Stampfer, M.J., Kang, J.H., Chen, J., Cherry, R. and Grodstein, F. 2005. Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on cognitive function in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(3): 245–253
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Van Wolputte, S. and Fumanti, M. 2010. Beer in Africa: Drinking Spaces, States and Selves, vol. 36. Münster, Berlin: LIT Verlag
Google Scholar
WHO, 2011. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health. World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_ alcohol_report/msbgsruprofiles.pdf (Last accessed 10 April 2015)
Google Scholar
WHO, 2014. Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health. World Health Organization. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112736/1/97892406927 63_eng.pdf?ua=1 (Last accessed 10 April 2015)
Google Scholar
Willis, J. 2002. Potent Brews: A Social History of Alcohol in East Africa 1850–1999. Oxford: James Currey
Google Scholar
Willis, J. 2003. New generation drinking: the uncertain boundaries of criminal enterprise in modern Kenya. African Affairs, 102(407): 241–260
CrossRef
Google Scholar
Willis, J. 2006. Drinking crisis: change and continuity in cultures of drinking in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies, 5(1): 2–15
Google Scholar
Wilson, M. 1977. For Men and Elders. London: International African Institute
Google Scholar