Skip to main content

The Triumph of Rhetoric: Pigou as Keynesian Whipping Boy and its Unintended Consequences

  • Chapter
Book cover Hayek: A Collaborative Biography

Part of the book series: Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics ((AIEE))

  • 210 Accesses

Abstract

Before The General Theory (1936), John Maynard Keynes’ two most successful books had been The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) and The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill (1925). Both books used the rhetorical device of a ‘whipping boy’ — in the first book there were three (US President Woodrow Wilson, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, and French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau), and the second book was devoted to just one.1 All those whipping boys were politicians pursuing objectives that Keynes regarded as inept and shortsighted.2 Keynes was not a petty person: he sought to mobilize public opinion in opposition to what he regarded as disastrous policy blunders that were bound to undermine civilization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Arestis, P. and Sawyer, M. eds. 1992. A Biographical Dictionary of Dissenting Economists. England: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aslanbeigui, N. 1992. Pigou’s Inconsistencies or Keynes’s Misconceptions? History of Political Economy 24(2): 413–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aslanbeigui, N. and Oakes, G. 2006. Joan Robinson’s ‘Secret Document’: A Passage from the Autobiography of an Analytical Economist. Journal of the History of Economic Thought 28(4): 413–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aslanbeigui, N. and Oakes, G. 2009. The Provocative Joan Robinson: The Making of a Cambridge Economist. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Aslanbeigui, N. and Oakes, G. 2011. Richard Kahn’s Fellowship Dissertation: The Fate of ‘The Economics of the Short Period’. European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 18(3): 381–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Backhouse, R. and Bateman, B. eds. 2006. Cambridge Companion to Keynes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balogh, T. 1948. The End of Inflation? The Case for Controls. The Listener 19 August XL(1021): 255–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balogh, T. 1976. Keynes and the International Monetary Fund. In Thirlwall (ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Besomi, D. (ed.) 2003. The Collected Interwar Papers and Correspondence of Roy Harrod. Electronic Edition, http://economia.unipv.it/harrod/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaug, M. 1985. Great Economists Since Keynes. England: Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaug, M. 1991. Second Thoughts on the Keynesian Revolution. History of Political Economy 23(2): 171–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bridel, P. and Ingrao, B. 2005. Managing Cambridge Economics: The Correspondence between Keynes and Pigou. In Marcuzzo and Roselli (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryce, R. 1977. Keynes as Seen by his Students in the 1930s. In Patinkin and Leith (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, B. (ed.) 1995. The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek, Vol. 9. Contra Keynes and Cambridge: Essays, Correspondence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannan, E. 1927. An Economist’s Protest. London: P. S. King.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannan, E. 1930. The Problem of Unemployment. Economic Journal Vol XL, March: 45–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cannan, E. 1932. The Demand for Labour. Economic Journal September, XLII (167): 357–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casson, M. 1983. Economics of Unemployment: An Historical Perspective. Oxford: Martin Robertson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R. W. 1984. Einstein: The Life and Times. London: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, P. 1988. The Keynesian Revolution in the Making, 1924–1936. Oxford: Clarendon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimand, R. 1988. The Origins of the Keynesian Revolution. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durbin, E. 1985. New Jerusalems: The Labour Party and the Economics of Democratic Socialism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franz, R. and Leeson R. (eds) 2013. Hayek and Behavioural Economics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost, G. 2009. Nobel-winning Economist Paul A. Samuelson Dies at Age 94. MIT News, 13 December. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/obit-samuelson-1213.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garraty, J. A. 1979. Unemployment in History. New York: Harper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giraud, Y. 2011. The Political Economy of Textbook Writing: Paul Samuelson and the making of the First Ten Editions of Economics (1945–1976). Working Paper, THEMA, Université de Cergy-Pontoise.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamouda, O. and Smithin, J. eds. 1988. Keynes and Public Policy After Fifty Years: Economics and Policy. England: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harcourt, G. C. ed. 1985. Keynes and His Contemporaries. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harcourt, G. 1990a. Different Approaches and Uncomfortable Critiques: Joan Robinson and the Economics Profession. Cambridge Review, March: 27–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harcourt, G. 1990. Joan Robinson’s Early Views on Method. History of Political Economy 22(3): 411–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harcourt, G. 1992. Joan Robinson. In Arestis and Sawyer (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harcourt, G. 1995. Talking About Joan Robinson. Review of Social Economy, Spring, LIII(1): 31–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harcourt, G. Hughes, A. and Singh, A. 1993. Austin Robertson, 20 November 1897–1 June 1993: An Appreciation. Cambridge Journal of Economics 17: 365–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris S. E. (ed.) 1948. The New Economics. London: Dennis Dobson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrod, R. 1934. Professor Pigou’s Theory of Unemployment. Economic Journal, March, LXIV: 19–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrod, R. 1937. Mr. Keynes and Traditional Theory. Econometrica January, 5(1): 74–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrod, R. 1951. The Life of John Maynard Keynes. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawtrey, R. 1925. Public Expenditure and the Demand For Labour. Economica, March, 13: 38–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawtrey, R. 1928. Trade and Credit. London: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawtrey, R. 1934. The Theory of Unemployment by Professor A. C. Pigou. Economica NS, II, May: 147–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawtrey, R. 1937. Capital and Employment. London: Longman Green.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayek, F. A. 1931a. Reflections on the Pure Theory of Money of Mr J. M. Keynes. Economica, August, 11(33): 270–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayek, F. A. 1931b. Prices and Production. London: Routledge & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayek, F. A. 1932. Reflections on the Pure Theory of Money of Mr J. M. Keynes (continued). Economica, February–August, 12(35): 22–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayek, F. A. 1994. Hayek on Hayek: An Autobiographical Dialogue. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edited by Stephen Kresge and Leif Wenar.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, J. R. 1937. Mr. Keynes and the ‘Classics’: A Suggested Interpretation. Econometrica, April, 5: 147–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, J. R. 1963. Theory of Wages. London: Macmillan. Second edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoover, H. 1952. The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover, Vol. 3: The Great Depression 1929–1941. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howson, S. 2009. Keynes and the LSE Economists. Journal of the History of Economic Thought 31(3): 257–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchison, T. W. 1953. Review of Economic Doctrines, 1870–1929. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchison, T. W. 1977. Keynes versus the Keynesians …? London: Institute of Economic Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchison, T. W. 1978. On Revolutions and Progress in Economic Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchison, T. W. 1981. The Politics, and Philosophy of Economics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchison, T. W. 1996. Review of Contra Keynes and Cambridge: The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek. Economic Affairs Spring, 9: 38–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, W. 1990. Economics and the Public: A Study of Competition and Opinion. New Jersey: Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingrao, B. and Ranchetti, F. 2005. Hayek and Cambridge: Dialogue and Contention: The Correspondence with Kahn, Kaldor, J. Robinson and Sraffa. In Marcuzzo and Roselli (eds)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, E. S. and Johnson, H. G. 1978. The Shadow of Keynes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonung, L. (ed.) 1991. The Stockholm School of Economics Revisited. Cambridge UP: Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. F. 1931. The Relation of Home Investment to Unemployment. Economic Journal, June: 41, 162:173–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. F. 1935. Some Notes on Ideal Output. Economic Journal, March, XLV(177): 1–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. F. 1972. Selected Essays in Employment and Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. F. 1974. On Re-Reading Keynes. Proceedings of the British Academy, 361–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. F. 1976. Unemployment as seen by the Keynesians. In Worswick (ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. F. 1984. The Making of Keynes’ General Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent, R. 2007. A 1929 Application of Multiplier Analysis by Keynes. History of Political Economy 39: 529–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J. M. 1919. The Economic Consequences of the Peace. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J. M. 1925. The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J. M. 1930. Treatise on Money. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J. M. 1936. The General Theory and Employment, Interest and Money. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J. M. 1937. The General Theory of Employment. Quarterly Journal of Economics 51(2): 209–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J. M. 1939. Relative Movements of Real Wages and Output. Economic Journal, March, XLIX: 34–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J. M. 1946. The Balance of Payments of the United States. Economic Journal 56(222): 172–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keynes, J. M. 1971–89. The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, L. 1968. The Keynesian Revolution. London: Macmillan. Second ed. (First ed. 1947.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kregel, J. A. 1975. The Reconstruction of Political Economy: An Introduction to Post-Keynesian Economics. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laidler, D. 1982. Monetarist Perspectives. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laidler, D. 1991. The Austrians and the Stockholm School: Two Failures? In Jonung (ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, P. 1969. The Evolution of Keynes’ Thought from the Treatise on Money to The General Theory. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economy, July–September, 40(3): 243–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. 1994a. A. W. H. Phillips, MBE. (Military Division). Economic Journal, May, 104(424): 605–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. 1994b. A. W. H. Phillips, Inflationary Expectations and the Operating Characteristics of the Macroeconomy. Economic Journal, November, 104(427): 1420–1421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. 1997a. Does the Expectations Trap Render the Natural-Rate Model Invalid in the Disinflationary Zone? Cambridge Journal of Economics, January, 21(1): 95–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. 1997b. The Trade Off Interpretation of Phillips’ Dynamic Stabilisation Exercise. Economica, February, 64(253): 155–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. 1997c. The Political Economy of the Inflation Unemployment Trade-Off. History of Political Economy, Spring, 29(1): 117–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. 1998. ‘The Ghosts I Called I Can’t Get Rid of Now’: The Keynes-Tinbergen-Friedman-Phillips Critique of Keynesian Macroeconometrics. History of Political Economy, Spring, 30(1): 98–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. 1999. Keynes and the Keynesian Phillips Curve. History of Political Economy, Fall, 31(3): 494–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. 2000a. A Remarkable Life. In A. W. H. Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3–17.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. 2000b. Inflation, Disinflation and the Natural Rate of Unemployment: A Dynamic Framework for Policy Analysis. In The Australian Economy in the 1990s. Reserve Bank of Australia: Sydney, 124–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leeson, R. and Schiffman, D. 2010. A Reassessment of Pigou’s Theory of Unemployment: Part I—The Nonmonetary Economy. Working Paper, Ariel University Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leijonhufvud, A. 1983. What Would Keynes have Thought of Rational Expectations? In Worswick and Trevithick (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcuzzo, C. M. 1988. Richard F. Kahn: A Disciple of Keynes. Working Paper, Dept. of Political Economy, University of Modena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcuzzo, C. M. 1998. Comment on Nahid Aslanbeigui, ‘Unemployment through the Eyes of a Classic. In Akhiapor (ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcuzzo, C. M. 2006. Keynes and Cambridge. In Backhouse and Bateman (eds).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marcuzzo, C. M., Naldi, N., Rosselli, A. and Sanfilippo, E. 2008. Cambridge as a Place in Economics. History of Political Economy 40(4): 569–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcuzzo, M. C. and Rosselli, A. (eds) 2005. Economists in Cambridge: A Study Through Their Correspondence, 1907–1946. London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marris, R. L. 1992. R. F. Kahn’s Fellowship Dissertation: A Missing Link in the History of Economic Thought. Economic Journal 102(414): 1235–1243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meade, J. 1983. In Worswick and Trevithick (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Milgate, M. 1983. Keynes and Pigou on the Gold Standard and Monetary Theory. Contributions to Political Economy 2: 39–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milgate, M. 1987. Edwin Cannan. In John Eatwell, Murray Milgate and Peter Newman (eds) The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moggridge, D. 1969. Return to Gold: The Formulation of Economic Policy and its Critics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moggridge, D. 1973. From the Treatise to The General Theory: An Exercise in Chronology. History of Political Economy 5(1): 72–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moggridge, D. (ed.) 1974. Keynes: Aspects of the Man and His Work. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moggridge, D. 1977. Cambridge Discussions and Criticisms Surrounding the Writing of the General Theory: A Chronicler’s View. In Patinkin and Leith (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moggridge, D. 1988. The Keynesian Revolution in Historical Perspective. In Hamouda and Smithin (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moggridge, D. 1992. Maynard Keynes; An Economist’s Biography. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moggridge, D 1994. Richard Kahn as an Historian of Economics. Cambridge Journal of Economics February, 18: 107–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moggridge, D. 2006. Keynes and his Correspondence. In Backhouse and Bateman (eds).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Naldi, N. 2005. The Prof and his Younger Colleagues. The correspondence between Pigou and Kahn, Kaldor, J. Robinson and Sraffa. In Marcuzzo and Roselli (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Patinkin, D. 1977. The Process of Writing The General Theory: A Critical Survey. In Patinkin and Leith (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Patinkin, D. 1990. On Different Interpretations of The General Theory. Journal of Monetary Economics 26: 205–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patinkin, D. 1993. On the Chronology of the General Theory. Economic Journal, May, 103(418): 647–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patinkin, D. and Leith, J. C. (eds) 1977. Keynes, Cambridge and The General Theory. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelps Brown, E. H. 1987. Lionel Charles Robbins. Proceedings of the British Academy LXXIII: 601–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C. 1905. Principles and Methods of Industrial Peace. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C. 1927. Industrial Fluctuations. London: Macmillan. 1st ed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C. 1929a. The Monetary Theory of the Trade Cycle. Economic Journal 39(154): 183–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C. 1929b. Industrial Fluctuations. London: Macmillan. 2nd ed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C. 1931. Mr. Keynes on Money. Nation and Athenaeum, 24 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C. 1933. A Note on Imperfect Competition. Economic Journal 43: 108–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C. 1935a. The Economics of Stationary States. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C. 1935b. Economics in Practice: Six Lectures on Current Issues. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigou, A. C. 1936. Mr J. M. Keynes’ General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Economica 3(10): 115–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, L. 1934. The Great Depression. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, L. 1971. Autobiography of an Economist. London: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, E. A. G. 1947. John Maynard Keynes, 1883–1946. Economic Journal, March: 1–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, E. A. G. 1977. Discussion. In Patinkin and Leith (ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. 1933a. A Parable on Savings and Investment. Economica February.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. 1933b. The Economics of Imperfect Competition. London: Macmillan. 1st ed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. 1937. Introduction to the Theory of Employment. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. 1962. Economic Philosophy. Chicago: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. 1970. Freedom and Necessity: An Introduction to the Study of Society. London: George Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. 1971. Economic Heresies. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. 1972. The Second Crisis in Economic Theory. American Economic Review LXII: 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. 1973. What has Become of the Keynesian Revolution. In J. Robinson (ed.) After Keynes. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. 1975. Foreword. In Kregel (ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roselli, A. 2005. The Defender of the Marshallian Tradition Shove and the correspondence with Kahn, J. Robinson and Sraffa. In Marcuzzo and Rosselli (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rymes, T. K. (ed.) 1988. Keynes’s Lectures, 1932–35: Notes of a Representative Student. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. 1948. Economics: An Introductory Analysis. New York: McGraw Hill. First edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. 1955. Economics: An Introductory Analysis. New York: McGraw Hill. Third edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. 1964. Economics: An Introductory Analysis. New York: McGraw Hill. Sixth edition

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. 1980. Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Eleventh Edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. 1977. In Patinkin and Leith (eds).

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. 1994. Richard Kahn: His Welfare Economics and Lifetime Achievement. Cambridge Journal of Economics February, 18: 55–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. Harold W. McGraw, Jr., William D. Nordhaus, Orley Ashenfelter, Robert M. Solow and Stanley Fischer. 1999. Samuelson’s ‘Economics’ at Fifty: Remarks on the Occasion of the Anniversary of Publication. Journal of Economic Education 30(4): 352–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. and Nordhaus, W. 1985. Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Twelfth edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. and Nordhaus, W. 1989. Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Thirteenth edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P. A. and Nordhaus, W. 2001. Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Seventeenth edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayers, R. S. 1972. The Young Keynes. Economic Journal 82(326): 591–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, J. R. 1956. After Twenty Years: The General Theory. Quarterly Journal of Economics November, LXX: 581–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simons, H. C. 1936. Rules versus Authorities in Monetary Policy. Journal of Political Economy February, 44(1): 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skidelsky, R. (ed.) 1977. The End of the Keynesian Era. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skidelsky, R. 1983. John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed 1885–1920. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skidelsky, R. 1992. John Maynard Keynes: The Economist as Saviour 1920–37. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sraffa, P. 1932. Dr. Hayek on Money and Capital. Economic Journal, March, 42(165): 42–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suzumura, K. 2005. An Interview with Paul Samuelson: Welfare Economics, ‘Old’ and ‘New’, and Social Choice Theory. Social Choice and Welfare 25(2): 327–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thirlwall, A. P. (ed.) 1976. Keynes and International Monetary Relations. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thirlwall, A. P. 1987. Nicholas Kaldor. Brighton, UK: Wheatsheaf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tily, G. 2009. Keynes and the Financing of Public Works Expenditures. Working Paper, UK Government Economic Service. http://www.heterodoxnews.com/htnf/htn87/Tily%20Keynes.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaizey, J. 1977. Keynes and Cambridge. In Skidelsky (ed.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, D. A. 1986a. Why Keynes’ General Theory was a Success. Economic Notes 15: 5–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, D. A. 1986b. Keynes as a Historian of Thought: The Perspectives of the General Theory. Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology 4: 1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worswick, G. D. N. (ed.) 1976. The Concept and Measurement of Involuntary Unemployment. London: Allen and Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worswick, G. D. N. and Trevithick, J. (eds) 1983. Keynes and the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winch, D. 1969. Economics and Policy: A Historical Study. England: Hodder and Stoughton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, W., Darity, W. J. and Leeson, R. 2004. Economics, Economists and Expectations: From Microfoundations to Macroapplications. Routledge: London.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 2014 Robert Leeson and Daniel Schiffman

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Leeson, R., Schiffman, D. (2014). The Triumph of Rhetoric: Pigou as Keynesian Whipping Boy and its Unintended Consequences. In: Hayek: A Collaborative Biography. Archival Insights into the Evolution of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137452429_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics