Skip to main content

Developing Listening Fluency in Asian EFL Settings

  • Chapter

Abstract

The term fluency is often used in relation to the language abilities of speaking, reading, and writing, though much less frequently in relation to listening. Listening would appear to be the one modality in which the language user does not have any control over speed or smoothness, the kind of characteristics that are most often associated with fluency. How then can the concept of fluency even be associated with listening?

Keywords

  • Language Teaching
  • Fluent Speech
  • Authentic Text
  • Listening Behavior
  • Modern Language Journal

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alameen, G. (2011). Learner digital stories in a Web 2.0 age. TESOL Journal, 2, 355–369.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Aldera, A. S. & Mohsen, M. A. (2013). Annotations in captioned animation: Effects on vocabulary learning and listening skills. Computers & Education, 68, 60–75.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Al-jasser, F. (2008). The effect of teaching English phonotactics on the lexical segmentation of English as a foreign language. System, 36, 94–108.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Aniero, S. (1990). The influence of receiver apprehension among Puerto Rican college students. Ph.D. dissertation, New York University. Dissertation Abstracts International, 50, 2300A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antaki, C. (2008). Formulations in psychotherapy. In A. Peräkylä, C. Antaki, S. Vehviläinen, & I. Leudar (Eds), Conversation Analysis and Psychotherapy (pp. 26–42). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Armbruster, B. B. (2000). Taking notes from lectures. In R. Flippo & D. Caverly (Eds), Handbook of College Reading and Study Strategy Research (pp. 175–199). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, E. & Patone, S. (2011). Cooperation in the Classroom: The Jigsaw Method (3rd edn). London: Pinter and Martin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asher, J. J. (2003). Learning Another Language through Actions (6th edn). Los Gatos, CA: Sky Oaks Production.

    Google Scholar 

  • Best, C. T. & Tyler, M. D. (2007). Nonnative and second-language speech perception: Commonalities and complementarities. In O. S. Bohn & M. J. Munro (Eds), Language Experience in Second Language Speech Learning: In Honor of James Emil Flege (pp. 13–34). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. & Johnson, M. (2004). Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of comprehension and recall. In D. A. Balota & J. Marsh (Eds), Cognitive Psychology: Key Readings (pp. 431–442). New York: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brauer, G. (2002). Body and Language: Intercultural Learning through Drama. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, K., Roberts, C., Vasseur, M., Simonot, M., & Broeder, P. (1996). Achieving Understanding: Discourse in Intercultural Encounters. Language in Social Life series. Harlow: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrier, C. & Titus, A. (1981). Effects of note-taking pretraining and test mode expectations on learning from lectures. American Educational Research Journal, 18, 385–397.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. (2007). The impact of vocabulary preparation on listening comprehension, confidence, and strategy use. System, 35, 534–550.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. & Read, J. (2007). Support for foreign language listeners: Its effectiveness and limitations. RELC Journal, 38, 375–394.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. C. S. & Millett, S. (2014). The effect of extensive listening on developing L2 listening fluency: Some hard evidence. English Language Teaching Journal, 68, 31–40.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, A. (2012a). Native listening: The flexibility dimension. Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1, 169–187.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, A. (2012b). Native Listening: Language Experience and the Recognition of Spoken Words. Boston, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, A. & Weber, A. (2007). Listening experience and phonetic-to-lexical mapping in L2. In J. Trouvain & W. J. Barry (Eds), Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 2007), (pp. 43–48). Dudweiler: Pirrot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, P. & Rinvolucri, M. (1989). Dictation: New Methods, New Possibilities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donato, R. (1994). Collective scaffolding in second language learning. In J. P. Lantolf & G. Appel (Eds), Vygotskian Approaches to Second Language Research (pp. 33–56). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donato, R. (2000). Sociocultural contributions to understanding the foreign and second language classroom. In J. P. Lantolf (Ed.), Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning (pp. 27–50). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Escudero, P. (2007). Second-language phonology: The role of perception. In M. C. Pennington (Ed.), Phonology in Context (pp. 109–134). New York: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, J. (1998). Skills and strategies: Towards a new methodology for listening. ELT Journal, 52, 110–118.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Field, J. (2003). Promoting perception: Lexical segmentation in L2 listening. ELT Journal, 57, 325–334.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Field, J. (2008). Bricks or mortar: Which parts of the input does a second language listener rely on? TESOL Quarterly, 42, 411–432.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Flege, J. E. (2003). Assessing constraints on second language segmental production and perception. In N. Schiller & A. Meyer (Eds), Phonetics and Phonology in Language Production and Perception: Differences and Similarities (pp. 319–355). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folse, K. (2003). Applying second language research results in design of more effective ESL discussion activities. The CATESOL Journal, 15(1), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford, W., Wolvin, A. D., & Chung, S. (2000). Students’ self-perceived listening competencies. International Journal of Listening, 14, 1–13.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii, A. & Mackey, A. (2009). Interactional feedback in learner–learner interactions in a task-based EFL classroom. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 47, 267–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujimoto, D. (2009). Listener responses in interaction: A case for abandoning the term, backchannel. Osaka Jogakuin University Research Repository, 37, 35–54. Retrieved from: http://ir-lib.wilmina.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10775/48/1/03.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, R., Lalonde, R., & Moorcroft, R. (1985). The role of attitudes and motivation in second language learning: Correlational and experimental considerations. Language Learning, 35(2), 207–227.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Gass, S. M. & Mackey, A. (2006). Input, interaction, and output: An overview. AILA Review, 19, 3–17.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ginther, A. (2002). Context and content visuals and performance on listening comprehension stimuli. Language Testing, 19, 133–167.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S. (2006). Listening comprehension: The learners’ perspective. System, 34, 165–182.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Heritage, J. & Watson, D. (1979). Formulations as conversational objects. In G. Psathas (Ed.), Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology (pp. 123–161). New York: Irvington Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herron, C., Hanley, J., & Cole, S. (1995). A comparison study of two advance organizers for introducing beginning foreign language students to video. Modern Language Journal, 79, 387–395.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Hulstijn, J. (2003). Connectionist models of language processing and the training of listening skills with the aid of multimedia software. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 16(5), 413–425.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen-Freeman, D. (2012). On the roles of repetition in language teaching and learning. Applied Linguistics Review, 3(2), 195–210.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lustig, C., May, C., & Hasher, L. (2001). Working memory span and the role of proactive interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 130, 199–207.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Macaro, E. (2003). Teaching and Learning a Second Language. New York: Continuum.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNicoll, J. & Lee, J. H. (2011). Collaborative consciousness-raising tasks in EAL classrooms. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 10(4), 127–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphey, T. (2000). Shadowing and Summarizing, NFLRC Video #11. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nation, P. & Newton, J. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxford, R. L. (2011). Teaching and Researching Language Learning Strategies (2nd edn). Harlow: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perfetti, C. A. & Lesgold, A. M. (1977). Discourse comprehension and sources of individual differences. In M. Just & P. Carpenter (Eds), Cognitive Processes in Comprehension (pp. 141–183). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Philp, J., Adams, R., & Iwashita, N. (2014). Peer Interaction and Second Language Learning. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pica, T. (2005). Classroom learning, teaching, and research: A task-based perspective. The Modern Language Journal, 89(3), 339–352.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Plass, J. & Jones, L. (2005). Multimedia learning in second language acquisition. In R. Mayer (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Multimedia Learning (pp. 467–488). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Renandya, W. & Farrell, T. (2011). Teacher, the tape is too fast! Extensive listening in ELT. ELT Journal, 65, 52–59.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins, J. (1996). Between ‘Hello’ and ‘See you later’: Development strategies for interpersonal communication. PhD dissertation, Washington, DC: Georgetown University (UMI 9634593).

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, P. (2005). Cognitive complexity and task sequencing: Studies in a componential framework for second language task design. IRAL, 43(1), 1–32.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers, M. & Webb, S. (2011). Narrow viewing: The vocabulary in related television programs. TESOL Quarterly, 45, 689–717.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rost, M. (2011). Teaching and Researching Listening, (2nd edn). Harlow: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rost, M. & Wilson, J. J. (2013). Active Listening: Research and Resources for Language Teaching. Harlow: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampasivam, S. & Clement, R. (2014). The dynamics of second language confidence: Contact and interaction. In S. Mercer & M. Williams (Eds), Multiple Perspective on the Self in SL (pp. 23–40). Bristol: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, C., Gayle, K., Topa, A., & Powers, W. (2014). Listening fidelity among native and nonnative English-speaking undergraduates as a function of listening apprehension and gender. Communication Research Reports, 31, 62–71.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Serrano, R. (2011). The time factor in EFL classroom practice. Language Learning, 61, 117–145.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Son, L. K. (2004). Spacing one’s study: Evidence for a metacognitive control strategy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 601–604.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenson, G. (2003). Listening fluency with conversational storytelling. Bulletin of Hokoriku University, 27, 137–143. Retrieved from: http://www.hokuriku-u.ac.jp/jimu/kiyo/kiyo27/gai10.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suvorov, R. (2009). Context visuals in L2 listening tests: The effects of photographs and video vs. audio-only format. In C. A. Chapelle, H. G. Jun, & I. Katz (Eds), Developing and Evaluating Language Learning Materials (pp. 53–68). Ames, IA: Iowa State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swain, M. (1999). Integrating language and content teaching through collaborative tasks. In W. Renandya & C. S. Ward (Eds), Language Teaching: New Insights for the Language Teacher (pp. 125–147). Singapore: Regional Language Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornbury, S. (1997). Reformulation and reconstruction: Tasks that promote ‘noticing’. ELT Journal, 51, 326–335.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Thornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Harlow: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson, B. (2003). Helping learners develop an effective L2 inner voice. RELC Journal, 34(2), 178–194.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, A. B. M. & Fullilove, J. (1998). Bottom-up or top-down processing as a discriminator of L2 listening performance. Applied Linguistics, 19, 432–451.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ushioda, E. (2011). Motivating learners to speak as themselves. In G. Murray, X. Gao, & T. Lamb (Eds), Identity, Motivation, and Autonomy in Language Learning (pp. 11–24). Bristol, UK: Multicultural Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandergrift, L. & Goh, C. (2012). Teaching and Learning Second Language Listening: Metacognition in Action. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidal, K. (2011). A comparison of the effects of reading and listening on incidental vocabulary acquisition. Language Learning, 61, 219–258.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Villaume, W. & Bodie, G. (2007). Discovering the listener within us: The impact of trait-like personality variables and communicator styles on preferences for listening style. International Journal of Listening, 21, 102–123.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wajnryb, R. (1990). Grammar Dictation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waring, R. (2007). Bringing extensive reading into oral communication classes. The Language Teacher, 31(7), 38–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werker, J. & Tees, R. (1984). Phonemic and phonetic factors in adult cross-language speech perception. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America, 75(6), 1866–1878.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, M. (2003). Discovery listening — improving perceptual processes. ELT Journal, 35, 325–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodall, B. (2010). Simultaneous listening and reading in ESL: Helping second language learners read (and enjoy reading) more efficiently. TESOL Journal, 1(2), 186–205.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, G., Mei, L., Chen, C., Lu, Z., Poldrack, R., & Dong, Q. (2011). Spaced learning enhances subsequent recognition memory by reducing neural repetition suppression. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(7), 1624–1633.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, R. L. (1993). A study of the communicative anxiety and self-esteem of Chinese students in relation to their oral and listening proficiency in English. Doctoral dissertation, Atlanta, GA: University of Georgia. Dissertation Abstracts International, 54, 2132A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeldham, M. & Gruba, P. (2014). Toward an instructional approach to developing interactive second language listening. Language Teaching Research, 18(1), 33–53.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2014 Michael Rost

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rost, M. (2014). Developing Listening Fluency in Asian EFL Settings. In: Muller, T., Adamson, J., Brown, P.S., Herder, S. (eds) Exploring EFL Fluency in Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137449405_17

Download citation