Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mothers and Memory

Suffering, Survival, and Sustainability in Somali Clan Wars

  • Chapter
Motherhood and War

Abstract

Many mothers around the world face violent attacks, both physically and mentally, every day in diverse conflict-ridden settings. Countries that suffer from international and domestic conflicts are almost all located in the Global South, exacerbating the lack of sustainable development compared to the Global North, and nearly all clan (and tribal) conflicts occur in Africa. Contemporary Somalia is a quintessential case of clan warfare and has come to embody one of the worst countries in which to be a mother. The nation has been embroiled in armed conflict since the 1970s, when resistance groups took advantage of the deteriorating circumstances of a brutal regime to resist a clan-military dictatorship.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Selected Bibliography

  • Ahmed, Ali Jimale. Daybreak Is Near: Literature, Clans, and the Nation-State in Somalia. Lawrenceville: Red Sea, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, Christine Choi. “Finely Etched Chattel: The Invention of Somali Women.” In The Invention of Somalia, edited by Ali Jimale Ahmed, 157–89. Lawrenceville: Red Sea, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, Fatuma Ahmed. “Women and Conflict Transformation in Africa.” Feminismo/s 9 (2007): 67–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alim, Faduma Ahmed. And Then She Said: The Poetry and Times of Hawa Jibril. Toronto: Jumblies, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrzejewski, B. W., and I. M. Lewis. Somali Poetry. Oxford: Clarendon, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury, Mark. Becoming Somaliland. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryden, Matt, and Martina Steiner. Somalia between Peace and War: Somali Women on the Eve of the 21st Century. Nairobi: UNIFEM, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockburn, Cynthia. The Space between Us: Negotiating Gender and National Identities in Conflict. London: Zed, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmi, Afyare Abdi. Understanding the Somalia Conflagration: Identity, Political Islam and Peacebuilding. London: Pluto, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmi, Asha Haji, et al. “Women’s Roles in Peacemaking in Somali Society.” In Rethinking Pastoralism in Africa: Gender, Culture and the Myth of the Patriarchal Pastoralist, edited by Dorothy L. Hodgson, 121–41. Oxford: James Currey, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, Judith, and Judy El Bushra, eds. Somalia: The Untold Story: The War through the Eyes of Somali Women. London: Pluto, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goetze, Catherine, and Dejan Guzina. “Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, Nationbuilding—Turtles All the Way Down?” Civil Wars 10, no. 4 (2008): 319–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gruffydd Jones, Branwen. “The Global Political Economy of Social Crisis: Towards a Critique of the ‘Failed State’ Ideology.” Review of International Political Economy 15, no. 2 (2008): 180–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, Stig J. “Warlords and Peace Strategies: The Case of Somalia.” Journal of Conflict Studies 23, no. 2 (2003): 57–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harper, Mary. Getting Somalia Wrong? Faith, War and Hope in a Shattered State. London: Zed, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingiriis, Mohamed Haji. “The Making of the 1990 Manifesto: Somalia’s Last Chance to the State Survival.” Journal of Northeast African Studies 12, no. 2 (2012): 63–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, John W. “Orality, Literacy and Somali Oral Poetry.” Journal of African Cultural Studies 18, no. 1 (2006): 119–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapteijns, Lidwien. “Discourse on Moral Womanhood in Somali Popular Songs, 1960–90.” Journal of African History 50, no. 1 (2009): 101–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, Mary E. “What Difference Does It Make? Gender as a Tool in Building Peace.” In Gender and Peace Building in Africa, edited by Dina Rodríguez and Edith Natukunda-Togboa, 27–50. Costa Rica: University for Peace, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koskenmaki, Rika. “Editorial Note: Legal Implications Resulting from State Failure in Light of the Case of Somalia.” Nordic Journal of International Law 73, no. 1 (2004): 1–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, I. M. Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society. Lawrenceville: Red Sea, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, Peter. Somalia: Economy without State. Oxford: James Currey, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littlewood, Roland. “Military Rape.” Anthropology Today 13, no. 2 (1997): 7–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luling, Virginia. “Corne Back Somalia? Questioning a Collapsed State.” Third World Quarterly 18, no. 2 (June 1997): 287–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makinda, Samuel M. “Politics and Clan Rivalry in Somalia.” Australian Journal of Political Science 26, no. 1 (1991): 111–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCrone, Paul, et al. “Mental Health Needs, Service Use and Costs among Somali Refugees in the UK.” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 111, no. 5 (2005): 351–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Molyneux, Maxime, and Shahra Razawi, eds. Gender Justice, Development and Rights. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakaya, Sumie. “Women and Gender Equality in Peace-building: Somalia and Mozambique.” In Building Sustainable Peace, edited by Tom Keating and W. Andy Knight. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raeymaekers, Timothy, et al. “State and Non-State Regulation in African Protracted Crises: Governance without Government?” Afrika Focus 21, no. 2 (2008): 7–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reese, Scott. Renewers of the Age: Holy Men and Social Discourse in Colonial Benaadir. Leiden: Brill, 2008.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Renders, Marleen. Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Elders and Institutions. Leiden: Brill, 2012.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Skjelsbaek, Inger, and Dan Smith, eds. Gender, Peace and Conflict. London: Sage, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sørensen, Birgitte R. Women and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Issues and Sources. Geneva: UNRSID, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turshen, Meredeth, and Clotilde Twagiramariya, eds. What Women Do in Wartime: Gender and Conflict in Africa. London: Zed, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turton, David. War and Ethnicity: Global Connections and Local Violence. Rochester: Boydell, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walls, Michael. “The Emergence of a Somali State: Building Peace from Civil War in Somaliland.” African Affairs 108, no. 432 (July 2009): 371–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Mohamed Haji Ingiriis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Dana Cooper Claire Phelan

Copyright information

© 2014 Dana Cooper and Claire Phelan

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ingiriis, M.H. (2014). Mothers and Memory. In: Cooper, D., Phelan, C. (eds) Motherhood and War. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137437945_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137437945_13

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-49388-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-43794-5

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation