Skip to main content

Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling? The United Arab Emirates Case

  • Chapter
Women’s Voices in Management
  • 164 Accesses

Abstract

The objective of this chapter is to explore the concept of the glass ceiling in the UAE’s rapidly growing economy amid the present regional political and social unrest. The glass ceiling is generally defined as an invisible barrier that prevents women from reaching senior positions in organizations. It consists of an infinite number of cultural and gender biases that are not always immediately identifiable or visible except to those who are affected by it. The glass ceiling is a particular phenomenon that has an impact on women, and it is not to be confused with a differential system of rewards in organizations that affects both genders (Cotter et al., 2001). It is a constructed plateau beyond which women are denied an opportunity to advance into senior levels of management, an unfair routine practice that denies appropriately qualified women the opportunity to reach top-level jobs merited by their performance. Recently, Smith (2012) tested the glass ceiling hypothesis and concluded that worldwide, relative inequality remains constant both at higher and lower levels of authority, where men hold an advantage over women and minorities. Today, corporate success for women means taking on male-type behaviors and competing on men’s terms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • N. J. Adler (1993) “Competitive Frontiers: Women Managers in the Triad,” International Studies of Management and Organization, 23(2), 3–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Al Khoori (2014) “UAE Women Complain of Glass Ceiling in ‘Male-Dominant’ Culture,” The National, http://www.thenational.ae/uae, date accessed 22 December 2014.

  • F. Al Sayegh (2005) “Traditions of Oriental Women,” Gulf News, 15 February, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Amin (2014). “Mapping the Legal and Gender Gap in Accessing Business,” http//wbl.worldbank.org/Methodology/accessing institutions, date accessed 10 January 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • E. R. Auster (1993) “Demystifying the Glass Ceiling: Organizational and Interpersonal Dynamics of Gender Bias,” Business in the Contemporary World, 5, 47–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Azzam (1997) “Preparing for a Global Future,” The Banker, 47, 726.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. D. Campbell (1990) “Self-Esteem and Clarity of the Self-Concept,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 538–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Derry (1997) “Feminism: How Does It Play in the Corporate Theatre?” In: Women’s Studies and Business Ethics: Toward a New Conversation (eds) A. Larson and R. E. Freeman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 11–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • K. De Vries (1995) Life and Death in the Executive Fast Lane: Essays on Irrational Organizations and Their Leaders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. H. Dobrzynski (1996) “Women Pass Milestone in the Board Room,” New York Times, 12 December, p. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Easterby-Smith, R. Thorpe and A. Lowe (1991) Management Research. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • E. A. Fagenson and J. J. Jackson (1993) “The Status of Women Managers in the United States,” International Studies of Management and Organization, 23(3), 88–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • P. R. M. Faizal (2013). “The Entrepreneurs Characteristics from al-Qurahand al-Hadis,” International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4(4), 191–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L. R. Gallese (1991) “Why Women Aren’t Making It to the Top,” Across the Board (April), 19–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Gilligan (1982) In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Gorman (2009) The Green Glass Ceiling: Gender Inequality and Wahhabi Political Influence. http:/getd.libs.oga.edu, date accessed 22 December 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Green and N. Thorogood (2014) Qualitative Methods for Health Research. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Hadid (2005) “Number of Jobless Nationals Could Exceed 40,000,” Gulf News, 9 June, p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Harry (2003) “Developing Host Country Nationals to Replace Expatriates,” Human Assets Middle East, 2(1), 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. E. Heilman, C. J. Block, R. F. Martell and M. C. Simon (1989) “Has Anything Changed? Current Characterizations of Men, Women, and Managers,” Journal of Applied Psychology, 74 (6), 935–942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ILO 2004. Breaking Through The Glass Ceiling: Women in Management. Geneva: International Labour Office Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Itani (2011) “UAE Female Entrepreneurs: Motivations and Frustrations,” Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 30(5), 409–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. H. Jamieson (1995) Beyond the Double Bind: Women and Leadership. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. M. Kanter (1978) Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. H. Kernis (1993) “The Roles of Stability and Level of Self-Esteem in Psychological Functioning.” In: Self-esteem: The Puzzle of Low Self-Regard (ed) R. F. Baumeister. New York: Plenum, 87–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Larson and R. E. Freeman (1997) “Introduction.” In: Women’s Studies and Business Ethics: Toward a New Conversation (eds) A. Larson and R. E. Freeman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 15–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Lipman-Blumen (1976) “Toward a Homosocial Theory of Sex Roles: An Explanation of the Sex Segregation of Social Institutions.” In: Women and the Workplace: The Implications of Occupational Segregation (ed) M. Blaxall. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. E. Looney (1992) “Factors Affecting Employment in the Arabian Gulf Region,” International Journal of Social Economics, 19, 72–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. S. Lublin (1998) “Even Top Women Earn Less,” Wall Street Journal, 10 November, p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Michael (2008) Doubt Is Their Product: How Industry’s Assault on Science Threatens Your Health. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • D. P. Moore and E. H. Buttner (1997) Women Entrepreneurs: Moving Beyond the Glass Ceiling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. G. Oakley (2000) “Gender-based Barriers to Senior Management Positions: Understanding the Scarcity of Female CEOs,” Journal of Business Ethics, 27, 321–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Redwood (1996) The Glass Ceiling. http://www.inmotionmagazine.com/glass.html, date accessed 4 April 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • R. A. Rosenblatt (1995) “Glass Ceiling Still Too Hard to Crack,” Los Angeles Times, 16 March, p. 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. B. Rosener (1990) “Ways Women Lead,” Harvard Business Review, 68, 119–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. L. Ross (2008) “Oil, Islam, and Women,” American Political Science Review, 102(1), 107–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Salama (2003) “Panel Aims to Ensure 50pc Bank Job Emiratization within Five Years,” Gulf News, 8 October, p. 39.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Sampler and S. Eigner (2003) Sand to Silicon: Achieving Rapid Growth. Emirates Printing Press, London: Profile Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. R. Schermerhorn, M. Uhl-Bien and R. N. Osborn (2012) Organizational Behavior, 12th ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Sleiman (2014) “Women in Gulf Begin to Crack Glass Ceiling,” Trade Arabia, http://www.tradearabia.com/newa, date accessed 22 December 2014.

  • D. Tannen (1994) Talking from 9 to 5: How Women’s and Men’s Conversational Styles Affects Who Gets Heard, Who Gets Credit, and What Gets Done. New York: William Morrow.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN Report on Status of Women (2014), http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2014/3, date accessed 4 August, 2014.

  • M. Velasquez (1998) Shattering the Glass Ceiling: A Strategy for Survival, http://home.diversitydtg.com/article/gender-issues/shattering-the-glass-ceiling-a-strategy-for-survival, accessed 1 July 2015.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 Ivana Adamson

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Adamson, I. (2015). Breaking Through the Glass Ceiling? The United Arab Emirates Case. In: Syna, H.D., Costea, CE. (eds) Women’s Voices in Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137432155_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics