Abstract
It is 8 November 1940. Deposited hurriedly and without ceremony on the cool, misty quayside of the bustling Caspian port of Pahlevi (now Bandar-e-Anzali), two young SS lieutenants, smartly attired in the inappropriate white summer suits with which they were issued in Berlin, stand beside their service-issue suitcases and, exchanging uneasy glances, survey the unfamiliar oriental hubbub swirling around them in the humid grey light of late autumn. It is much warmer here than in frigid, snowy Moscow, which they left barely a week before; even so, Gilan province’s clammy coolness comes as a surprise to them, after the nightmare stories they have been told back at HQ about the hellish Persian heat. Though both are fairly tall (182 cm) and slim, they make an odd couple: Roman Gamotha with his ‘princely’ bearing and ‘blond, film-star type of masculine beauty’; his companion, Franz Mayr, ‘his face like a devil mask — black hair, black moustache, and black fanatical eyes’ — could easily be taken for an Azeri or a Persian, were it not for his obvious unease and disorientation.2 For nothing that MAX and MORITZ (their newly acquired codenames)3 have learned from weeks of browsing through books about Persia in Berlin’s finest libraries could have prepared them adequately for the sheer sensory impact of their arrival in Central Asia: the cacophony, the odours, the jostling crowds, the strange costumes and uniforms (Persian officers in mustard yellow!) — the overwhelming chaos of it all, so unfamilar to either of these two young Germans, one from a neat little hamlet in rural Bavaria,4 and the other accustomed to Sunday promenades along the wide, fashionable boulevards of Berlin and Vienna, a dashing figure in his black Hugo Boss uniform, usually with at least one pretty girl beside him.
Ja, zur Übeltätigkeit, ja, dazu ist man bereit! … Dieses war der erste Streich, doch der zweite folgt zugleich. (Wilhelm Busch)1
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Notes
‘“Let’s make mischief. Bring it on!” … This was just their first trick, and their second came without delay.’ Wilhelm Busch, Max and Moritz, ed. H. Arthur Klein (New York: Dover, 1962), 11 (author’s translation). See note 3.
Julius Berthold Schulze-Holthus, Daybreak in Iran: A Story of the German Intelligence Service (London: Mervyn Savill, 1954), 66, 116.
For more about Jost, see Michael Wildt, Generation des Unbedingten: Das Führungskorps des Reichssicherheitshauptamtes (Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 2003), 938–9;
Michael Wildt, ed., Nachrichtendienst, politische Elite, Mordeinheit: Der Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers SS (Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 2003), 246n11;
Katrin Paehler, ‘Espionage, Ideology, and Personal Politics: The Making and Unmaking of a Nazi Foreign Intelligence Service’ (PhD diss., American, 2004), 63n92, 204–6, 240–6.
R.W.G. Stephens and Oliver Hoare, eds, Camp 020: MI5 and the Nazi Spies: The Official History of MI5’s Wartime Interrogation Centre (Richmond: PRO, 2000), 357.
Petra Bräutigam, Mittelständische Unternehmer im Nationalsozialismus: Wirtschaftliche Entwicklungen und soziale Verhaltensweisen in der Schuh- und Lederindustrie Badens und Württembergs (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1997), 80.
‘Der Mann, der bei der Zeit Ernst Krüger war,’ Die Zeit, 23 February 2006; Maria Keipert and Peter Grupp, eds, Biographisches Handbuch des deutschen Auswärtigen Dienstes, 1871–1945, vol. 1 (Paderborn: Schöningh, 2000), 530–1;
Ernst Klee, Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich: Wer war was vor und nach 1945 (Frankfurt: Fischer, 2007), 142. The Ettel Papers are located as follows: RG 242, NARA; GFM 33, TNA; R 27229, R 27322–27328, R 27330–27333 (Handakten Ettel), Politisches Archiv, Auswärtiges Amt, Berlin (AA). They are probably best viewed in Berlin, where they are available as originals rather than microfilms.
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© 2014 Adrian O’Sullivan
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O’Sullivan, A. (2014). Prologue: MAX and MORITZ Invent Themselves. In: Nazi Secret Warfare in Occupied Persia (Iran). Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137427915_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137427915_1
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