Skip to main content

Changes in Family and Informal Care in Norway

  • Chapter
Book cover Eldercare Policies in Japan and Scandinavia

Abstract

The massive expansion of the public care services in Norway could lead to the conclusion that the family isn’t any longer involved in the care for their older family members. You could more or less be so impressed by this public effort that you ignore the informal care (Kröger 2005). This also goes partly for research, which in the Nordic countries has focused primarily on the public and formal care (Sand 2005). Over the last few years, however, the family has rejoined the stage in both research and politics (Johansson 2007; Lundsgaard 2005).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Abrahamson, P., T. P. Boje, and B. Greve. 2005. Welfare and Families in Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albertini, M., M. Kohli, and C. Vogel. 2007. “Intergenerational Transfers of Time and Money in European Families: Common Patterns—Different Regimes?” Journal of European Social Policy 17(4): 319–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreassen, K. K. 2011. “Size and Age Distribution of the Population.” In Seniors in Norway 2010, edited by E. Mørk: 9–16. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anttonen, A., S. Johansson, and A. Leira. 2007. “Gendered Citizenship: The Care of Young Children.” In Gendering Citizenship in Western Europe. New Challenges for Citizenship Research in a Cross-National Context, edited by R. Lister et al: 108–136. Bristol: The Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Audulv, Å. 2011. “Being Creative and Resourceful: Individuals’ Abilities and Possibilities for Self-Management of Chronic Illness.” PhD diss., Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barstad, A. 2001. “The Social Community.” In Heading Towards the Good Society? Report to the Ministry of Finance on a New Long Term Program, 2002–2005, edited by A. Barstad, 165–195. Statistics Norway, Report No. 21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bettio, F. and J. Plantenga. 2004. “Comparing Care Regimes in Europe.” Feminist Economics 10(1): 85–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjørshol, E., M. Høstmark, and B. O. Lagerstrøm. 2010. Life Cycles, Generations and Gender: LOGG 2007, Documentation Report. Notater 19/2010. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bliksvær, T. 2005. In the Shadow of the Reforms. A Residence-Sociological Approach to Sheltered Housing as Policy and Residence for Persons with Physical Disabilities. PhD diss., Department of Social Work and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, M. 2013. “Intergenerational Help and Public Assistance in Europe: A Case of Specialization?” European Societies 15(1): 25–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, M., K. Haberkern, and M. Szydlik. 2009. “Intergenerational Help and Care in Europe.” European Sociological Review 25(5): 585–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, M. and M. Szydlik. 2008. “Soziale Dienste und Hilfe zwischen Generationen in Europa. Social Services and Help between Generations in Europe.” Zeitschrift für Soziologie 37(4): 301–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brathaug, A. L., H. Brunborg, E. S. Lunde, E. Nørgaard, and Å. Vigran. 2001. Reports 2001/4. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breivik, I. 1991. Private Care in the Future. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brevik, I. 2010. “The New Home Care Services—Far More Than Old Age Welfare Services.” NIBR-Report 2010 2. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brevik, I. and L. Schmidt. 2005. How the Elderly Want to Live. A Survey of Future Elderly’s Preferred Residences. Oslo: Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budig, M. B., and N. Folbre. 2004. “Activity, Proximity or Responsibility Measuring Parental Childcare Time.” In Family Time, The Social Organization of Care, edited by N. Folbre and M. Bittman: 51–68. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappell, N., and A. Blandford. 1991. “Informal and Formal Care: Exploring the Complementarity.” Ageing and Society 11(3): 299–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chodosh, J., S. C. Morton, W. Mojica, M. Maglione, M. J. Suttorp, L. Hilton, S. Rhodes, and P. Shekelle. 2005. “Meta-Analysis: Chronic Disease Self-Management Programs for Older Adults.” Ann Intern Med 143(6): 427–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, A. M., M. E. Reid, C. E. Morrison, S. Capewell, D. L. Murdoch, and J. J. McMurray. 2008. “The Complex Nature of Informal Care in Home-Based Heart Failure Management.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 61(4): 373–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corbin, J. and A. L. Strauss. 1988. Unending Work and Care: Managing Chronic Illness at Home. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbin, J. and A. Strauss. 1991. “A Nursing Model for Chronic Illness Management Based Upon the Trajectory Framework.” Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice 5: 155–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • County Governor of Hordaland. 2006. Around-the-Clock Nursing and Care Services—Converting Nursing Homes into Sheltered Housing. Letter to the Municipalities in Hordaland (December 12). Accessed October 4, 2011. http://fylkesmannen.no/enkel.aspx?m=1488&amid=1343199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daatland, S. O., M. Platz, and G. Sundström. 1997. “Status and Developments.” In The Final Years. Eldercare in Scandinavia 1960–1985, edited by S. O. Daatland, 25–76. Oslo: NOVA, NOVA-Report 22/1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daatland, S. O. and K. Herlofson. 2004. Family, Welfare State and Ageing. Family Solidarity in an European Perspective. Oslo: NOVA, NOVA-Report 7/04.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daatland, S.O., M. Veenstra, and I. Lima. 2009. Health, Familiy and Care Over the Life-Course. Generations, Help and Helpers. Oslo: NOVA, NOVA-Report 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daatland, S.O. and M. Veenstra. 2012. “Generations, Help and Helpers.” In Sustainable Care? The Family, the Welfare State and Ageing Population, edited by S. O. Daatland and M. Veenstra: 137–145. Oslo: NOVA, NOVA-Report 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danielsen, B. and S. Fjær. 2010. “Experiences with Transferring Sick Elderly Patients from Hospital to Municipality.” Sykepleien Forskning 4(1): 28–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deindl, C. and M. Brandt. 2011. “Financial Support and Practical Help between Older Parents and their Middle-Aged Children in Europe.” Ageing & Society 31: 645–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Disney, R. F. and E. Whitehouse. 2002. The Economic Well-Being of Older People in International Perspective: A Critical Review. Luxembourg Income Study Working Paper No. 306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dykstra, P. A. and T. Fokkema. 2011. “Relationships between Parents and their Adult Children: A West European Typology of Late-Life Families.” Ageing and Society 31(4): 545–569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekeland, A. G., A. Bowes, and S. Flottorp. 2010. “Effectiveness of Telemedicine: A Systematic Review of Reviews.” International Journal of Medical Informatics 79(11): 736–771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekwall, A. K., B. Sivberg, and I. R. Hallberg. 2004. “Dimensions of Informal Care and Quality of Life Among Elderly Family Caregivers.” Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 18: 239–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellingsæter, A. L. and A. Leira. 2006. “Introduction: Politicising Parenthood in Scandinavia.” In Politicising Parenthood in Scandinavia. Gender Relations in Welfare States, edited by A. L. Ellingsæter and A. Leira: 1–26 University of Bristol: The Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esping-Andersen, G. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Oxford: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esping-Andersen, G. 1999. Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economics. Oxford: Polity Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fine, Micahel D. 2007. A Caring Society? Care and the Dilemmas of Human Services in the 21st Century. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, R. and A. Spellerberg. 1999. Using Time Use Data: A History of Time Use Surveys and Uses of Time Use Data. Wellington: Statistics New Zealand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielsen, B., B. Otnes and B. Sundby. 2008. Individual Statistics of Nursing and Care Services in the Municipalities (IPLOS): Results of the Work with IPLOS-Data for 2006. Oslo: Statistics Norway, Notat 2008/3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielsen, B., B. Otnes, B. Sundby and P. Strand. 2010. Individual Statistics of Nursing and Care Services in the Municipalities (IPLOS): Preliminary Results of the Work with IPLOS-Data for 2009. Oslo: Statistics Norway, Reports 50/2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielsen, B., M. Lillegård, B. Otnes, B. Sundby, D. Abrahamsen and P. Strand. 2009. Individual Statistics of Nursing and Care Services in the Municipalities (IPLOS): Preliminary Results of the Work with IPLOS-Data for 2008. Oslo: Statistics Norway, Notater 2009/48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielsen, B., B. Otnes and B. Sundby. 2012. “Health and Care Services 2011. Statistics on Services and Service Receivers.” Reports 43–2012. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautun, H. 1993. Old, Childless and Alone? A Comparison of Informal and Formal Care of Elderly With and Without Children. Oslo: INAS, INAS R-1993: 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautun, H. 1999. Changes in Family Care to the Elderly? Oslo: FAFO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautun, H. 2000. “Individualization and Family Care for the Elderly.” Sosiologisk Tidsskrift 1: 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautun, H. 2003. Increased Individualism and Care Relations in the Family. Patterns of Care Between Middle-Aged Women and Men, and their Elderly Parents. Oslo: FAFO, FAFO-Report 420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gautun, H., A. S. Grødem and Å. Hermansen. 2012. How to Distribute Care? Challenges in Prioritizing Between Older and Younger Recipients. Oslo: FAFO, FAFO-Report 2012–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gjengedal, E. and B. Rokne (Eds.). 2007. Living with Chronic Illnesses: A Permanent Change of Course. Second Edition. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottfried, H. and L. Reese. 2003. “Gender, Policy, Politics, and Work; Feminist Comparative and Transnational Research.” Review of Policy Research 20(1): 4–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Government White Paper No. 5. 2003–2004. Revenue System for Specialized Health Services. Oslo: Ministry of Health and Care Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government White Paper No. 25. 2005–2006. Achievement, Opportunities and Purpose. Future Care Challenges. Oslo: Ministry of Health and Care Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government White Paper No. 29. 2012–2013. Future Care. Oslo: Ministry of Health and Care Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government White Paper No. 47. 2008–2009. The Coordination Reform. Right Treatment—at the Right Place—in Right Time. Oslo: Ministry of Health and Care Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government White Paper No. 50. 1996–1997. Plan of Action for Eldercare. Oslo: Ministry of Health and Care Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graneheim, U. H., A. Johanson and B. M. Lindgren. 2014. “Family Caregivers’ Experiences of Relinquishing the Care of a Person with Dementia to a Nursing Home: Insights from a Meta-Ethnographic Study.” Scand Journal of Caring Science 28 (2): 215–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagestad, G. O. and K. Herlofson. 2005. “Micro and Macro Perspectives on Intergenerational Relations and Transfers in Europe.” Paper Presented at United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Social and Economic Implications of Changing Populations’ Age Structures, Mexico City, August 31 to September 2. Accessed December 1, 2013. http://www.un.org/esa/ population/meetings/Proceedings_EGM_Mex_2005/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamran, T. and S. Moe. 2012. Young and Elderly Users of Home Care Services—Different Needs or Differential Treatment? Tromsø: Centre for Care Research, Report No. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauge, S. 2004. “The More We are Together, the Happier We Become? A Field Study of the Nursing Home as Home.” PhD diss., Institute of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Oslo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herlofson, K., G. Hagestad, B. Slagsvold and A. M. Sørensen. 2011. Intergenerational Family Responsibility and Solidarity in Europe. Oslo: NOVA: Workpackage 4, Multilinks deliverable 4.3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermansen, Å. 2011. “Organization and Ownership in the Care and Nursing Sector.” Oslo: Fafo, FAFO-notat 2011: 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz, W. 1985. “Family Caregiving to the Frail Elderly.” Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics 5: 194–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Høyland, K., B. Østnor, H. Bogen and T. Kvinge. 2006. One’s Own Home—Even in Failing Health? Evaluating New Sheltered Housings for the Elderly in Need of Care. Trondheim: SINTEF Building and Infrastructure.

    Google Scholar 

  • Igel, C., M. Brandt, K. Haberkern and M. Szydlik. 2009. “Specialization between Family and State — Intergenerational Time Transfers in Western Europe.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies 40(2): 203–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isengard, B., M. Szydlik. 2012. “Living Apart (or) Together? Coresidence of Parents and their Adult Children in Europe.” Research on Aging 34(4): 449–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jansson, W., G. Nordberg and M. Grafström. 2001. “Patterns of Elderly Spousal Caregiving in Dementia Care: An Observational Study.” Journal of Advanced Nursing 34(6): 804–812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jegermalm, M. 2003. “Support for Carers of Older People: The Roles of the Public and Voluntary Sectors in Sweden.” Social Policy and Administration 37(7): 756–771.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jegermalm, M. 2006. “Informal Care in Sweden: A Typology of Care and Caregivers.” International Journal of Social Welfare 15(4): 332–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeppesen, E., K. G. Brurberg, I. N. Lidal, H. H. Holte and G. E. Vist. 2011. “Intermediary Units and ‘Hospitals-at-home’ in Treatment of Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD.” Report from The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services no. 08–2011. Oslo: The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, L. 1991. Caring for the Next of Kin. On Informal Care of the Elderly in Sweden. University of Uppsala: Department of Social Medicine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, L. 2007. Relatives—Support and Care. Lund: Studentlitteratur AB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keilman, N. and S. Christiansen. 2010. “Norwegian Elderly Less Likely to Live Alone in the Future.” European Journal of Population 26(1): 47–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kildal, N. and S. Kuhnle. 2005. Normative Foundations of the Welfare State: The Nordic Experience. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitterød, R. J. 1993. “Informal Care of the Elderly and Disabled.” In Social Views edited by A. S. Andersen et Al.: 403–413. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitterød, R. H. 1996. “More Informal Care from Household to Household.” Samfunnspeilet No. 1/1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohli, M. 1999. “Private and Public Transfers Between Generations: Linking the Family and the State.” European Societies 1(1): 81–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korpi, W. 2000. “Faces of Inequality: Gender, Class and Pattern of Inequalities in Different Types of Welfare States.” Social Politics 7(2): 127–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotsadam A. 2012. “The Employment Costs of Caregiving in Norway.” International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics 12(4): 269–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krevers, B. and B. Öberg. 2007. The Elderly’s Next of Kin—their Needs and Utilization of Support. Stockholm: University of Linköping.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kröger, T. 2005. “Interplay between Formal and Informal Care for Older People: The State of the Nordic Research.” In Eldercare Research in the Nordic Countries. A Knowledge Assessment, edited by M. Szebehely, 243–280. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministries, TemaNord 205: 508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Künemund, H. and M. Rein. 1999. “There is More to Receiving than Needing: Theoretical Arguments and Empirical Explorations of Crowding in and Crowding Out.” Ageing and Society 19(1): 93–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leira, A. 2004. “The Caring State and the Family.” In The Welfare State and the Family: Challenges and Dilemmas, edited by A. L. Ellingsæter and A. Leira, 67–99. Oslo: Gyldendal Akademisk.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leitner, S. 2003. The Caring Function of the Family: Belgium in Comparative Perspective. Paper Presented at the ESPAnet Conference “Changing European Societies: The Role of Social Policy.” Copenhagen, November 13–15. Accessed November 13, 2013. http://www.sfi.dk/graphics/ ESPAnet/papers/Leitner.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lillesveen, B. 2006. Provision of Public Help to Persons with Dementia Living at Home. Is there an Agreement Between Decision of Type of Help, Help Provided and Needs? MA thesis, Nordic School of Public Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilly, M. B., Laporte, A. and Coyte, P. C. 2007. “Labor Market Work and Home Care’s Unpaid Caregivers: A Systematic Review of Labor Force Participation Rates, Predictors of Labor Market Withdrawal, and Hours of Work.” Milbank Quarterly 85(4): 641–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lingsom, S. 1991. Help According to Needs? Public and Private Care for Elderly Persons Living at Home. Oslo: INAS, INAS-Report 91–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lingsom, S. 1997. The Substitution Issue. Care Policies and Their Consequences for Family Care. Oslo: NOVA, Report No. 6/1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundsgaard, J. 2005. Consumer Direction and Choice in Long-Term Care for Older Persons, Including Payments for Informal Care: How Can it Help Improve Care Outcomes, Employment and Fiscal Sustainability? Paris: OECD, OECD Health Workings Papers No. 20, DELSA/HEA/WD/ HWP (2005)1.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lyons, K. S., S. H. Zarit and A. L. Townsend. 2000. “Families and Formal Service Usage: Stability and Change in Patterns of Interface.” Aging and Mental Health 4: 234–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Health and Caring Services. 1988d. Regulations for Nursing Homes and Living Arrangements for Around-the-Clock Nursing and Care. Oslo: Ministry of Health and Caring Services, FOR 1988–11–14 No. 932.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Health and Care Services. 2008. National Strategy for Specialized Health Services to the Elderly 2008–2012. Oslo: Ministry of Health and Caring Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Health and Care Services. 2010. Mandate for Public Committees on Reimbursements for Relatives Who Provide Care which Substitutes Municipal Services. Oslo: Ministry of Health and Care Services, press release. Accessed September 14, 2014. http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/hod/pressesenter/pressemeldinger/2010/utvalg-ser-pa-omsorgslonn/ Mandat-for-offentlig-utvalg-om-ytelser-for-parorende-som-yter-omsorg-som-erstatter-kommunale-tjenester.html?id=612251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, P. and C. Cameron. 2002. Care Work in Europe. Current Understandings and Future Directions. London: University of London, Thomas Coram Research Unit, WP6. Care Work and the Care Workforce.

    Google Scholar 

  • Motel-Klingebiel, A., C. Tesch-Roemer and H.-J. Von Kondratowitz. 2005. “Welfare States do Not Crowd Out the Family: Evidence for Mixed Responsibility from Comparative Analyses.” Ageing & Society 25(6): 863–882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Næss, S. 2003. Not Quite According to Plan. Documentation Report on Dependent Elderly Persons’ Experiences Before and After Plan of Action for Eldercare. Bergen: Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies, Report 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordberg, G., E. von Strauss, I. Kåreholt, L. Johansson and A. Wimo. 2005. “The Amount of Informal and Formal Care Among Non-Demented and Demented Elderly Persons—Results from a Swedish Population Based Study.” International Journal of Geriatriatric Psychiatry 20(9): 862–871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norwegian Board of Health Supervison. 2003. Nursing and Care Services in the Municipalities: Service Users, Service Needs and Service Supply. Oslo: Norwegian Board of Health Supervison, Report No. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norwegian Board of Health Supervison. 2008. Respite Care and Support Contact—Services that Improve the Quality of Life. Summary of Countrywide Supervision in 2007 of Respite Care and Support Contact Services. Oslo: Norwegian Board of Health Supervison, Report No. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norwegian Board of Health Supervison. 2009. Care Wage—A Knowledge Assessment. Oslo: Norwegian Board of Health Supervison, Internserien 7/2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norwegian Directorate of Health. 2009. Activity Developments and Waiting Time in Specialized Health Services 2002–2008. Oslo: Norwegian Directorate of Health, Report 10/2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norwegian Directorate of Health. 2011. Activity Data for Somatic Specialized Health Services 2010. Oslo: Norwegian Directorate of Health, Report IS–1904.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs. 2006. Understanding the Nursing Home Regulations §4–11—Municipalities’ Obligation to have Long-Term Beds in Nursing Homes and Request for Development of Guidelines to Clarify Who is Entitled to Placement in a Nursing Home or Living Arrangements for Round-the-Clock Nursing and Care. Letter from the Norwegian Directorate for Health and Social Affairs to the County Governor of Nordland, dated November 17. Accessed January 3, 2014. https://www.helsetilsynet.no/no/Regelverk/Tolkningsuttalelser/ Helse-omsorgstjenester/Forstaelsen-sykehjemsforskriftens-4–11-/.

    Google Scholar 

  • NOU. 1992. Safety—Dignity—Care. Ministry of Health and Care Services: Official Norwegian Report (NOU) 1992: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • NOU. 1997. Funding and User Fees for Nursing and Care Services. Oslo: Ministry of Health and Care Services, Official Norwegian Report (NOU) 1997: 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • NOU. 2011a. Innovation in the Care Services. Ministry of Health and Care Services, Official Norwegian Report (NOU) 2011: 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • NOU. 2011b. Truthfully on Family Care. From Invisible to Valued and Included. Ministry of Health and Care Services, Official Norwegian Report (NOU) 2011: 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyberg, A. 2000. Relatives of Elderly Moving to Sheltered Housing. Stockholm: The National Board of Health and Welfare, Anhörig 300/2000:3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oslo Municipality. 2010. Regulations for Operating Boards of Municipal-Run Nursing Homes. Accessed January 16, 2013. http://www.sykehjemsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/brukermedvirkning/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otnes, B. 2007. “Expanded Help Outside the Institution.” Samfunnsspeilet No. 5/6 2007 21: 33–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Otnes, B. 2011. “Care Needs and Services.” In Seniors in Norway in 2010, edited by E. Mørk: 127–141. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ot. prp. No. 48. 1985–1986. Amendment to the Law of November 19 1982 No. 66 on Health Services in Municipalities and Other Laws. Proposition to the Odelsting from the Standing Committee on Social Affairs.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. 1943. “The Kinship System of the Contemporary United States.” American Anthropologist 45(1): 22–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulsen B. and A. Grimsmo. 2008. Good will, Bad Tools. On Cooperation Between Hospitals and Municipal Care Services on Dicharge of Care-Needing Elderly. Trondheim: SINTEF Technology and Health, Department of Health Research, Report A7877.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prop. 64 L. 2009–2010. Amendment to the Working Environment Act and the National Insurance Act (Better Opportunities to Combine Work with Nursing and Care Tasks). Proposition to the Storting by the Ministry of Labour and Social Inclusion, Made and Passed December 11, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ræder, J. and J. Nordentoft. 2010. “Outpatient Surgery and Anesthesia.” The Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association 130: 742–746.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramm, J. 2000. “Elderly Persons’ Causes for Requiring Assistance. What do the Elderly Say?” In Health in Norway edited by J. Ramm: 81–91. Statistical Analyses 41. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romøren, T. I. 2003. Last Years of Long Lives. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romøren, T. I. 2012. Different “CareRegimes” for Elderly and Young Recipients of Home Care? A Quantitative Study. Gjøvik: Centre for Care research, Report No. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenmayr, L., and Köckeis, E. 1963. “Propositions for a Sociological Theory of Ageing and Family.” International Social Science Journal 15(3): 410–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, C. J., A. Martin-Matthews and J. M. Keefe. 2007. “Care Management and Care Provision for Older Relatives Amongst Employed Informal Care-Givers.” Ageing and Society 27(5): 755–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rostgaard, T. and J. Lehto. 2001. “Health and Social Care: How Different is the Nordic Model?” In Nordic Welfare States in the European Context, edited by Kautto et al., 111–136. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rønning, E. 2002. “Time Use Surveys as Data Sources in the Social Sciences.” Samfunnsspeilet 16(4–5): 9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rønning, E. 2010. “Seniors Working Double.” Samfunnsspeilet 24(2): 2–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Røyrvik, A. 2007. “Nursing Home or Sheltered Housing—A Choice Based on Municipal Interests or User Interests?” In Report on Health and Social Services 2006, 21–24. Leikanger: County Governor of Sogn og Fjordane, and Norwegian Board of Health Supervision.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sand, A. B. M. 2005. “Informal Eldercare and Support to Informal Care-givers—A Nordic Research Review.” In Eldercare Research in the Nordic Countries. A Knowledge Assessment, edited by M. Szebehely, 197–241. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministries, TemaNord 205: 508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saraceno, C. 2010. “Social Inequalities in Facing Old-Age Dependency: A Bi-Generational Perspective.” Journal of European Social Policy 20(1): 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saraceno, C. and W. Keck. 2008. The Institutional Framework of Intergenerational Family Obligations in Europe: A Conceptual and Methodological Overview. Berlin: Social Science Research Center Berlin, First Deliverable of WP1 of the Multilinks Project Funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saraceno, C. and W. Keck. 2010. “Can We Identify Intergenerational Policy Regimes in Europe?” European Societies 12(5): 675–696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sigurdardottir, S. H. and Bravell. 2013. “Older Caregivers in Iceland.” Nordic Social Work Research 3(1): 4–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slagsvold, B., M. Veenstra, S. O. Daatland, G. Hagestad, T. Hansen, K. Herlofson, K. Kolløen and P. E. Solem. 2012. “Life-Course, Ageing and Generations in Norway: The NorLAG Study.” Norwegian Journal of Epidemiology 22(2): 95–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Norway. 2005. Historical Statistics 1994. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Norway. 2006. Care Needs and Received Care, by Age 2006. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Norway. 2007a. Municipal Nursing and Care Statistics. Final Numbers, 2006. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Norway. 2007b. Private Households, by Kind. 1980, 1990, 2001, 2005, 2006 and 2007. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Norway. 2011. Cohabitans, 2011. Oslo: Statistics Norway. Accessed April 29, 2014. http://www.ssb.no/samboer/

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundström G. 1994. “Care by Families: An Overview of Trends.” In Caring for Frail Elderly People. New Directions in Care, edited by P. Hennessy: 15–55. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svalund, J. 2005. “Care Needs and Services.” In Seniors in Norway, edited by E. Ugreninov. Oslo: Statistics Norway, Statistical analyses 72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorsen K. and H. Dyb. 1993. Does Anybody Care? Informal Care for the Elderly and Public Support for Caregivers (in Norwegian). Oslo: The Norwegian Institute of Gerontology, NGI-Report 93: 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorsen, K. 1999. “On Making the Informal Care for the Elderly More Formal.” In Is Care Disappearing? Daily Life of Eldercare in the Post-Modern Welfare State, edited by K. Thorsen and K. Wærness: 63–85. Oslo: Ad Notam Gyldendal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unruh, K. T. and W. Pratt. 2008. “The Invisible Work of Being a Patient and Implications for Health Care: ‘[the doctor is] my business partner in the most important business in my life, staying alive.’” Etnographic Praxis in Industry Conference Proceedings 2008(1): 40–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vigran, Å. 2001. “Eldercare—Better than Rumored?” Samfunnsspeilet 15(5): 17–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaage, O. 2002. At All Hours. Time Use 1971–2000. Oslo: Statistics Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, A. 2004. Life’s Last Abode—Relatives, Ageing and Death in Nursing Homes. Stockholm: Stockholm University, Department of Social Work.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, A. 2009. “Family Involvement in the Institutional Eldercare Context-Towards a New Understanding.” Journal of Aging Studies 23(3): 158–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, A. 1989. Whose Keeper? Social Science and Moral Obligation. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, D. A. 2004. “Valuing Informal Elder Care.” In Family Time: the Social Organization of Care, edited by N. Folbre and M. Bittman: 110–129. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

John Creighton Campbell Unni Edvardsen Paul Midford Yayoi Saito

Copyright information

© 2014 Campbell, Edvardsen, Midford, Saito

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Solheim, M. (2014). Changes in Family and Informal Care in Norway. In: Campbell, J.C., Edvardsen, U., Midford, P., Saito, Y. (eds) Eldercare Policies in Japan and Scandinavia. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137402639_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics