Abstract
The building of the nation-state in Germany and Italy meant a new relationship between those who lived there and the executive authorities. Dieter Gosewinkel explains, “State and nation entered into a new relationship. Belonging to the national state implied belonging to the nation.”1 Gosewinkel characterizes this shift as the “nationalization” of the state, a construct that, as Hannah Arendt justly pointed out, set the stage for the development of statelessness.2 The closer relationship between the state and nation meant that the executive authorities would have to sharpen their anti-Gypsy policies if they wanted to keep those they labeled as Gypsies out of the nation. The place of birth and residence of populations labeled as Gypsies became critical, since these factors might be, and often were, used by Gypsies to claim belonging in the state (which, in turn, as Gosewinkel argues, implied membership in the nation).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Dieter Gosewinkel, Einbürgern und Ausschliessen: Die Nationalisierung der Staatsangehörigkeit vom Deutschen Bund bis zur Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2001), 177.
Stefano Rodotà, “Le libertà e i diritti,” in Raffaele Romanelli (ed.), Storia dello stato Italiano dall’Unità a oggi (Roma: Donzelli Editore, 1995), 312.
See Emilio Gentile, La Grande Italia (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2009).
In Switzerland, “Gypsies” were categorized differently from Swiss traveling populations, called Jenische. For a brief overview of Swiss policies towards this group, see Thomas Meier, “Zigeunerpolitik und Zigeunerdiskurs in der Schweiz 1850–1970,” in Michael Zimmermann (ed.), Zwischen Erziehung und Vernichtung: Zigeunerpolitik und Zigeunerforschung im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2007), 226–39.
Andreas Fahrmeir, “Governments and Forgers: Passports in Nineteenth-century Europe,” in Jane Caplan and John Torpey (eds), Documenting Individual Identity (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001), 230–31.
Adrian Lyttleton, “Landlords, Peasants, and the Limits of Liberalism,” in John A. Davis (ed.), Gramsci and Italy’s Passive Revolution (New York: Barnes and Noble, 1979), 115.
Copyright information
© 2014 Jennifer Illuzzi
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Illuzzi, J. (2014). Executive Struggles in Italy 1861–1909. In: Gypsies in Germany and Italy, 1861–1914. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137401724_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137401724_3
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-48650-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-40172-4
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)