Intangible Assets and Nonfinancial Information

Abstract

Aseismic shift has occurred in recent decades regarding how organizations create value and achieve sustained competitive advantage (R. S. Kaplan & Norton, 2001, 2004a, 2004b, 2007; Low & Sies-field, 1998). Organizations increasingly outperform competitors through the strategic ownership, management, and growth of intangible assets, such as people; processes and systems; environmental, social, and governance policies; stakeholder relationships; reputations; patents; brand names; and other intellectual property, rather than through the ownership and management of industrial era physical assets like buildings, machinery, and property (DiPiazza et al., 2006; Lev, 2004, 2005, 2012b; Rassart & Miller, 2013).