Skip to main content

Servants and Agents

Gender Roles in Neocharismatic Christianity

  • Chapter
Finnish Women Making Religion
  • 367 Accesses

Abstract

Finland is regarded as a relatively secularized country with a formal and institutionalized mainline church, the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Most Finns, 76.4 percent of the population, are registered as members of the church. However, to most of them, religion or biblical norms as such mean very little in daily life. In contrast to the mainline secularized Lutheran culture, Neocharismatic Christianity as minority religion is characterized by the strict personal commitment of the adherents, an active missionary tendency, and emphasis on family values and social control.1 The movements that have been most influential in Finland are Toronto Blessing, Word of Faith, Vineyard, and New Wine.2

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. Margaret M. Poloma and Lynette F. Hoel- ter, “The ‘Toronto Blessing’: A Holistic Model of Healing,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37 (1998): 259.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Tuija Hovi, “Suomalainen uuskarismaattisuus,” Teologinen Aikakauskirja 114 (2009): 67–68.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Allan Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ralph W. Hood, et al., The Psychology of Religious Fundamentalism (New York: Guilford, 2005), 6.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Margaret Lamberts Bendroth, Fundamentalism and Gender, 1875 to the Present (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993), 4–5.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Tuija Hovi, Usko ja kerronta: Arkitodellisuuden narratiivinen rakentuminen uskonliikkeessä (Turku: Turun yliopisto, 2007).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Meredith B. McGuire, Lived Religion: Faith and Practice in Everyday Life. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 178; John B. Bart- kowski and Jen’nan Ghazal Read, “Veiled Submission: Gender, Power, and Identity among Evangelical and Muslim Women in the United States,” Qualitative Sociology 26 (2003): 74.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. Nancy T. Ammerman, Bible Believers: Fundamentalists in the Modern World (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1987), 3–4.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Raymond Firth, Religion: A Humanist Interpretation (London: Routledge, 1996), 181.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  10. Tuija Hovi, “Praising as a Bodily Practice,” in Religion and the Body, ed. Tore Ahlbäck (Åbo: Donner Institute, 2011): 137.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Linda Woodhead, “Women and Religion,” in Religions in the Modern World, ed. Linda Woodhead et al. (London: Routledge, 2002).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Tuija Hovi, “Gender, Agency and Change in Neo-Charismatic Christianity,” Aura. Tidskrift för Akademiska Studier av Nyreligiositet 2 (2010): 13–14.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Edward Thompson Jr., “Beneath the Status Characteristics: Gender Variations in Religiousness,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 30:4 (1991): 391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Albert Bandura, “Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective,” Annual Review of Psychology 52 (2001): 1175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Albert Bandura, “Exercise of Human Agency through Collective Efficacy,” Current Directions in Psychological Science 9 (2000): 75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Albert Bandura, “On the Psychosocial Impact and Mechanisms of Spiritual Modeling,” The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 13 (2003): 172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority (London: Tavistock, 1974 [1969]), 133.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Peter Lunt, Stanley Milgram: Understanding Obedience and Its Implications (Basinstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 32–33.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Laura M. Leming, “Sociological Explorations: What Is Religious Agency?” The Sociological Quarterly 48 (2007): 74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Cf. Elaine J. Lawless, “Rescripting Their Lives and Narratives: Spiritual Life Stories of Pentecostal Women Preachers,” Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 7 (1991): 53–71.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cf. Nils G. Holm, “Role Theory and Religious Experience,” in Handbook of Religious Experience, ed. Ralph W. Hood (Birmingham: Religious Education, 1995), 409–10.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Harvey Cox, Fire from Heaven: The Rise of Pentecostal Spirituality and the Reshaping of Religion in the 21st Century (Reading: Addison-Wesley, 1995), 48–49.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Meredith B. McGuire, Religion: The Social Context, 5th ed. (Belmont: Wadsworth, 2002), 145.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Elizabeth Weiss Ozorak, “The Power but Not the Glory: How Women Empower Themselves through Religion,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 35 (1996): 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Eila Helander, Naiset eivät vaienneet: Naisevankelistainstitutuutio Suomen helluntailiikkeessä (Helsinki: Suomen Kirkkohistoriallinen Seura, 1987), 199.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Elaine J. Lawless, Handmaidens of the Lord: Pentecostal Women Preachers and Traditional Religion (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Maiju Lehmijoki-Gardner, Worldly Saints: Social Interaction of Dominican Penitent Women in Italy, 1200–1500 (Helsinki: Finnish Historical Society, 1999), 127–28.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Linda Woodhead, “Christianity,” in Religions in the Modern World, eds. Linda Woodhead et al. (London: Routledge, 2002), 175.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cf. Pal Repstad, “From Sin to a Gift from God: Constructions of Change in Conservative Christian Organizations,” Journal of Contemporary Religion 23 (2008): 26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Ibid., 80; cf. William H. Sewell, “A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation,” American Journal of Sociology 98 (1992): 19; Mustafa Emirbayer and Ann Mische, “What Is Agency?” The American Journal of Sociology 103 (1998): 984.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Anna Lydia Svalastog, “Att analysera och teoretisera kön och religion: Förslag till nytt religionsbegrepp,” Marburg Journal of Religion 14 (2009): 1.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Andrew Singleton, “Good Advice for Godly Men: Oppressed Men in Christian Men’s Self-Help Literature,” Journal for Gender Studies 13 (2004): 153–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Terhi Utriainen Päivi Salmesvuori

Copyright information

© 2014 Terhi Utriainen and Päivi Salmesvuori

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hovi, T. (2014). Servants and Agents. In: Utriainen, T., Salmesvuori, P. (eds) Finnish Women Making Religion. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137383471_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics