Skip to main content

Part of the book series: The European Union in International Affairs series ((EUIA))

  • 511 Accesses

Abstract

EU consular policy has caught the attention of an increasing number of scholars, whose work focuses on the institutional deployment of European diplomacy (Balfour and Raik, 2013; Wesseling and Boniface, 2011; Hobolth, 2011; Raik, 2013; Saliceti, 2011; Touzé, 2011; Wessel and Van Vooren, 2013; Wouters et al., 2013). The expectations surrounding the creation of the European External Action Service (EEAS) and the enforcement of new principles and legal provisions in the Treaty of Lisbon as regards European Union (EU) citizens’ protection and assistance abroad (Article 3 (5) TEU and Article 23 TFEU) as well as European solidarity (Article 222 Title VII TFEU) have contributed decisively to boosting interest in a domain, traditionally considered the parent pauvre of inter-state diplomacy. Today, ‘diplomacy for people’ (Heijmans and Melissen, 2006) has acquired increasing recognition owing in large part to the effects of globalisation, critical international events and resulting EU pressure for joint actions (Melissen and Fernández, 2011). This chapter contributes to existing research on the development of EU consular policy as an increasingly prioritised issue area both for Ministries of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and European Union institutions. It examines the most important dimensions of this emerging policy area and reviews the relevant policy instruments in light of broader developments in EU diplomatic practice and representation over the last decade, in particular since implementation of the Lisbon Treaty.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 115.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Balfour, R. and Raik, K. (eds) (2013) ‘The European External Action Service and National Diplomacies’, EPC Issue Paper, no. 73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balzacq, T. (2008) ‘The Policy Tools of Securitization: Information Exchange, EU Foreign and Interior Policies’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 46 (1): 75–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bátora, J. (2013) ‘The “Mitrailleuse Effect”: The EEAS as an Interstitial Organization and the Dynamics of Innovation in Diplomacy’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 51 (4): 598–613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boin, A. et al. (2007) ‘Building Societal Security in Europe: The EU’s Role in Managing Emergencies’, European Policy Centre Working Paper, no. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boin, A., Ekengren, M. & Rhinard, M. (2013) The European Union as Crisis Manager. Patterns and Prospects ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Boin, A. and Rhinard, M. (2008) ‘Managing Transboundary Crises: What Role for the European Union?’, International Studies Review, 10: 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costello, C. (2006) ‘Administrative Governance and the Europeanization of Asylum and Immigration Policy’, in H. Hofmann and A. Türk (eds), EU Administrative Governance ( Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar ), pp. 287–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (1995) ‘Decision Regarding Protection for Citizens of the EU by Diplomatic and Consular Representations’, 95/553/EC, Official Journal of the EU, L314/73, 28 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (1996) ‘Recommendation of the 4 March 1996 Relating to Local Consular Cooperation Regarding Visas’, Official Journal of the EU, C 080, 18 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2000) ‘Guidelines on Cooperation between Member States’ Missions and Commission Delegations in Third Countries and within International Organisations in CFSP Matters’, Doc. 12094 /00.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2001) ‘Guidelines on Consular Protection of EU Citizens in the Event of a Crisis in Third Countries’, Doc. 7562 /01.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2002) ‘Common Consular Instruction’, Official Journal of the EU, C 313, 16 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2003a) ‘Catalogue of Recommendations for the Correct Application of the Schengen Acquis and Best Practices: Issuing of Visa’, Doc. No. 6183/03, SCH-EVAL 7, VISA 27, COMIX 83, Brussels, 7 February.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2003b) ‘Improving the Efficiency of an Intensifying Consular Cooperation between the Member States in Third Countries’, Doc. No. 10529/03, VISA 106, COMIX 390, Brussels, 16 June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2003c) ‘Initiative of the French Republic with a View to the Adoption of a Council Decision Amending Point 1.2 of Part II of the Common Consular Instructions and Drawing Up a New ANNEX Thereto’, Doc. No. 14701/03, VISA 184, COMIX 682 OC 710, Brussels, 11 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2003d) ‘Guidelines on Consular Protection of EU Citizens in the Event of a Crisis in Third Countries’, Doc. 15754 /03.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2004) Common Consular Instruction, Annex 18, Doc. 11272/2/04 REV 2, 11 October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2006a) ‘Closer Consular Cooperation’, Doc. 16231/06, December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2006b) ‘Guidelines on Consular Protection of EU Citizens in Third Countries’, Doc. 10109/2/06 REV 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2007) ‘Lead State Concept’, Doc. 10715 /07.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council of the EU (2015) ‘Decision on the Coordination and Cooperation to Facilitate Consular Protection for Unrepresented Citizens of the Union in Third Countries and Repealing Decision 94/553/EC’, Doc. 7228/15, 31 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekengren, M., Matzén, N., Rhinard, M. and Svantesson, M. (2006) ‘Solidarity or Sovereignty? EU Cooperation in Civil Protection’, Journal of European Integration, 28 (5): 457–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • European Commission (2011) ‘Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. Consular Protection for EU Citizens in Third Countries: State of Play and Way Forward’, COM (2011) 149 final, Brussels, 23 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission of the European Communities (2006a) ‘Barnier Report “For a European Civil Protection Force: Europe Aid”’, Brussels, 9 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission of the European Communities (2006b) ‘Communication to the European Council “A Citizens Agenda”’, COM (2006) 211 Final, Brussels, 10 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission of the European Communities (2006c) ‘Green Paper on Consular and Diplomatic Protection’, COM (2006)712 Final, Brussels, 28 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission of the European Communities (2007) ‘Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Effective Consular Protection in Third Countries. The Contribution of the EU. Action Plan 2007–2009’, COM(2007) 767 Final, Brussels, 5 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Commission of the European Communities (2010) ‘Decision of the Commission of 30 November 2009 Determining the First Regions for the Start of Operations of the Visa Information System (VIS)’, Official Journal of the EU, L23/62, 27 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament and the Council (2008) ‘Regulation (EC) 767/2008 of 9 July 2008 Concerning the Visa Information System (VIS) and the Exchange of Data between Member States on Short-Stay Visas (VIS Regulation)’, Official Journal of the EU, L 218/60, Brussels, 13 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Parliament and Council of the EU (2009) ‘Regulation (EC) No. 810/2009 of 13 July 2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas (Visa Code)’, Official Journal of the EU, L 243/1, 15 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • European Union (2010) ‘Treaty on European Union and Treaty on the Functioning of the EU’, Official Journal of the EU, 2010/C83/01, Brussels, 30 March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández Pasarín, A. (2008) ‘Consular Affairs in the EU: Visa Policy as a Catalyst for Integration?’ The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 3 (1): 21–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernández Pasarín, A. (2009) ‘Local Consular Co-Operation: Administering EU Internal Security Overseas’, European Foreign Affairs Review, 14 (4): 591–606.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández Pasarín, A. (2011) ‘Consular Affairs in an Integrated Europe’, in Melissen, J. and Fernández, A. (eds) Consular Affairs and Diplomacy (Martinus Nijhof: Leiden, Boston), pp. 97–114..

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Heijmans, M. and Melissen, J. (2006) ‘The Rising Challenge of Consular Affairs: Cinderella in the Limelight’, Clingendael CDSP Paper, June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobolth, M. (2011) ‘European Visa Cooperation: Interest Politics and Regional Imagined Commmunities’, LSE ‘Europe in Question’ Discussion Paper Series, No. 34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Infantino, F. (2013) ‘Bordering at the Nonstate Window. The Effects of Public/Private Cooperation in Implementing the Visa Policy’. Paper available at www.icpublicpolicy.org.

    Google Scholar 

  • Interview EEAS, Brussels, 14 June 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguer, A. (2007) ‘La sécurité en frontière intérieure, tentations européennes et réflexes nationaux’, Politique Européenne, 3 (23): 93–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Melissen, J. and Fernández, A. (eds) (2011) Consular Affairs and Diplomacy ( Martinus Nijhof: Leiden, Boston ).

    Google Scholar 

  • Missiroli, A. and Rhinard, M. (2007) ‘“Muddling Through”—A Viable Option for the Future’, in Boin, A. et al. (eds) ‘Building Societal Security in Europe: The EU’s Role in Managing Emergencies’, European Policy Centre Working Paper, no. 27, pp. 22–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Non-Paper on the European External Action Service from the Foreign Ministers of Belgium, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Poland and Sweden’, 8 December 2011, available at http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/afet/dv/201/201203/20120321_nonpaperfms_en.pdf.

  • Porzio, G. (2008) ‘Consular Assistance and Protection: An EU Perspective’, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 3 (1): 21–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raik, K. (2013) ‘Serving the Citizens? Consular Role of the EEAS Grows in Small Steps’, EPC Policy Brief, April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saliceti, A. (2011) ‘The Protection of EU Citizens Abroad: Accountability, Rule of Law, Role of Consular and Diplomatic Services’, European Public Law, 17 (1): 91–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Touzé, S. (2011) ‘Aspects récents (et choisis) de la protection consulaire des citoyens de l’Union européenne’, Revue des affaires européennes, 1: 79–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wessel, R. and Van Vooren, B. (2013) ‘The EEAS’s Diplomatic Dreams and the Reality of European and International Law’, Journal of European Public Policy, 20 (9): 1350–1367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wesseling, M. and Boniface, J. (2011) ‘New Trends in European Consular Services: Visa Policy in the EU Neighbourhood’, in Melissen, J. and Fernández, A. (eds) Consular Affairs and Diplomacy ( Martinus Nijhof: Leiden, Boston ), pp. 115–144.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wouters, J., Duquet, S. and Meuwissen, K. (2013) ‘The European Union and Consular Law’, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies Working Paper, no. 107, June.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 Ana Mar Fernández Pasarín

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pasarín, A.M.F. (2015). Towards an EU Consular Policy?. In: Spence, D., Bátora, J. (eds) The European External Action Service. The European Union in International Affairs series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137383037_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics