Abstract
The Scandinavian countries that we have analyzed in chapter 1 show that the change from majoritarian to proportional system profoundly modified the party system, in particular for the left, when the Liberal Party was replaced by the Socialist Party. Our research was limited by the fact that the change of electoral system coincided with the adoption of near universal male suffrage so that we did not have an answer to this question: Was the modification of the party system due to the change in electoral system or the adoption of universal male suffrage?
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Notes
Alessandro Schiavi, “Comme hanno votato gli elettori italiani,” Milan, 1914, p. 74.
A. Rossi, “La naissance du fascisme: l’Italie de 1918 à 1922,” Gallimard, 1938, p. 35.
Denis Mack Smith, “A Preshistory of Fascism,” ed. Salomone, David and Charles Newton Abbot, 1970, p. 116.
Newspaper article by Joseph Galtier in “Le Temps” of April 29, 1921, found in Pierre Milza, “Le fascisme italien et la presse française,” Edition Complexe, 1987, p. 72.
A. Rossi, “The birth of fascism: Italy from 1918 to 1922,” Gallimard, 1938, p. 48.
Daniel L. Horowitz, “Storia del movimento sindacale in Italia, Bologna: Il mulino,” 1966, p. 340.
Bernadette Mauerhoffer-Mourize, Les syndicats italiens, in “L’Italie” of La Documentation Française, 1974, p. 33.
Jean Paul Chasseriaud, Le Parti Démocrate Chrétien en Italie, Armand Colin, 1969, p. 211.
The sources are two studies done by Battaglia in 1967–1970 that are found in Georges Couffignal, “Les syndicats italiens et la politique,” Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, 1978, p. 212.
Samuel H. Barnes, Representation in Italy, The University of Chicago Press, 1977, Ch. 4, p. 41.
Jean Marie Mayeur, “Des partis catholiques à la Démocratie Chrétienne, XIX–XX siècle,” Armand Colin, 1980, p. 178.
Henri Tincq, “Jean-Paul II encourage les catholiques à s’engager dans l’action politique,” Le Monde, January 31, 1989.
Joseph La Palombara, “The Italian Labour Movement,” Cornell University Press, 1987, pp. 122, 123, 124.
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© 2013 Bernard Owen and Maria Rodriguez-McKey
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Owen, B., Rodriguez-McKey, M. (2013). Italy. In: Proportional Western Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137374370_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137374370_2
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