Abstract
Indonesia has prided itself in being an active Troop Contributing Country (TCC) to United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions since the early period of its independence. The first Indonesian peacekeeping mission, known as Indonesian Garuda Contingent (IGC) or popularly known by its Indonesian acronym “Konga” I, comprising 559 military personnel, was sent to Egypt in 1957. Since then Indonesia has consistently participated in various UN as well as a number of non-UN peacekeeping missions around the world. In 2012 Indonesia had close to 2,000 military and civilian personnel in various UN peacekeeping missions stationed in Liberia, Lebanon, Haiti, South Sudan, Darfur, and Southern Philippines. Between 1957 and 2012 Indonesia has sent a total of over 25,874 personnel comprising mostly military contingents, observers, and staff as well as a few hundred civilian police to various UN and a few non-UN peacekeeping operations (PKO). To date 31 Indonesian peacekeepers have been killed on duty.1
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Notes
Nini Afrida and Novan Iman Santosa, “Indonesia Aims to Boost Blue Helmet Tradition,” The Jakarta Post, July 2, 2012, p. 8.
N. Hassan Wirajuda, “Peace Operations: An Indonesian Perspective,” in Indonesia and World Peace. Commemorating 50 Years of Indonesia’s Participation in Peacekeeping Operations (Jakarta: Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia, 2007), pp. 4–10.
For a good analysis of the parliamentary period, see Herbert Feith, The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1962).
See Herbert Feith, “The Dynamic of Guided Democracy,” in Ruth T. McVey (ed.), Indonesia, rev. ed. (New Haven, CT: Human Relations Area Files Press, 1967).
See Jamie Mackie, Konforontasi (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1974).
For a good analysis of the military role in Indonesian politics under the New Order government, see Harold Crouch, The Army and Politics in Indonesia (Ithaca: Cornel University, 1978 and 1988).
Ali Alatas, “The Legacy of the Indonesian Garuda Contingents in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations,” in Indonesia and World Peace. Commemorating 50 Years of Indonesia’s Participation in Peacekeeping Operations (Jakarta: Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia, 2007), p. 18.
Omar Halim, “The Genesis, Evolution and Future of Peace Operations,” in Indonesia and World Peace, Commemorating 50 Years of Indonesia’s Participation in Peacekeeping Operations (Jakarta: Department of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Indonesia, 2007)), pp. 22–26.
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© 2014 Chiyuki Aoi and Yee-Kuang Heng
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Anwar, D.F. (2014). Indonesia’s Peacekeeping Operations: History, Practice, and Future Trend. In: Aoi, C., Heng, YK. (eds) Asia-Pacific Nations in International Peace Support and Stability Operations. Asia Today. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137366955_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137366955_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
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