Abstract
In the penultimate scene of The Beth Book, Sarah Grand’s protagonist finds her true calling as an orator when she addresses an audience from a feminist platform:
She had spoken that night as few have spoken — spoken to a hostile audience and fascinated them by the power of her personality, the mesmeric power which is part of the endowment of an orator, and had so moved them that they rose at last and cheered her for her eloquence, whether they held her opinions or not. Then there had been some friendly handshakes and congratulations and encouragement; and one had said, ‘Beth is launched at last upon her true career’. (p. 525)
By 1897, Sarah Grand was herself a seasoned public speaker, frequently called upon by the Pioneer Club and other organizations to address their meetings. Her biographer Gillian Kersley tells us that at this point in her career, Grand was ‘torn between her desire to teach and reform … and her equal desire for solitude and the peace of the countryside where she could get on with her writing’.1 Mangum underlines the challenge posed by a woman entering the public arena in the period, suggesting that Beth’s emergence as a public speaker has radical implications: ‘In a far more immediate manner than the written text oratory depends on collective, communal experience, an immediate responsibility to and engagement with an audience, and a desire to persuade, inspire, and motivate that audience to act’.2
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Notes
Gillian Kersley, Darling Madame: Sarah Grand and Devoted Friend (London: Virago, 1983), pp. 80–1.
Teresa Lynn Mangum, Married, Middlebrow, and Militant: Sarah Grand and the New Woman Novel (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998), p. 188.
See Anna Parnell, The Tale of a Great Sham, ed. Dana Hearne (Dublin: Arlen House, 1986; originally published 1907). All references to The Tale of a Great Sham will be to this edition and will be made by page number in the body of the text.
Hannah Lynch (1859–1904) was born in Dublin; her father, who died when she was a child, had been a Fenian. As is evident from her semi-autobiographical Autobiography of a Child (1899; published in Blackwood’s 1898–9), she attended a Catholic convent boarding school in England and then went to work as a governess in mainland Europe, as did many young Catholic middle-class girls of the period. She became one of the secretaries to the Ladies’ Land League in 1881, and when the movement newspaper, United Ireland, was proscribed she went to Paris and continued to publish it from there. Possibly best known for her ground-breaking study of George Meredith in 1891, she published a number of New Woman fictions, including the collection Dr. Vermont’s Fantasy (1896) and the novel An Odd Experiment (1897) which is not dissimilar to some of Egerton’s work. She travelled widely and earned a living predominantly through her literary writing and journalism; she was Paris correspondent for The Academy, for instance. Her facility with languages (including French, Spanish and Greek) enabled her to publish a number of translations. For further details on Lynch see entry in the Oxford DNB by Faith Binckes; see also Faith Binckes and Kathryn Laing, ‘A Vagabond’s Scrutiny: Hannah Lynch in Europe’ in Irish Women Writers: New Critical Perspectives. Reimagining Ireland Series 19, eds Elke D’hoker, Raphael Ingelbien and Hedwig Schall (Bern: Peter Lang, 2010: 111–32) (2011).
Katharine Tynan, Twenty-five Years: Reminiscences (London: Smith and Elder, 1913), p. 418.
Marie Hughes, ‘The Parnell Sisters’, Dublin Historical Record 21 (1) (1966): 19.
Hannah Lynch, The Prince of the Glades (London: Methuen, 1891), pp. 215–16. All references to The Prince of the Glades will be to this edition and will be made by page number in the body of the text.
Jane Coté, Fanny and Anna Parnell: Ireland’s Patriot Sisters (London: Macmillan, 1991), p. 156.
These articles were later published in pamphlet form, titled ‘How They Do It in the House of Commons: Notes from the Ladies’ Cage’; see Niamh O’Sullivan, ‘The Iron Cage of Femininity: Visual Representation of Women in the 1880s Land Agitation’ in Ideology and Ireland in the Nineteenth Century, eds Tadhg Foley and Seán Ryder (Dublin: Four Courts Press 1998).
Beverley E. Schneller, Anna Parnell’s Political Journalism (Palo Alto: Academica, 2005), p. 26.
Patricia Coughlan, ‘Paper Ghosts: Reading the Uncanny in Alice McDermott’, Éire-Ireland: Journal of Irish Studies 47 (1, 2) (2012): 132.
Hasia Diner, Erin’s Daughters in America (Baltimore: John’s Hopkins University Press, 1983), p. xiv.
Quoted in Margaret Ward, Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish Nationalism (London: Pluto Press, 1995), p. 6.
Heidi Hansson, Emily Lawless 1845–1913: Writing the Interspace (Cork: Cork University Press, 2007), p. 5.
Margaret Ward, ‘Gendering the Union: Imperial Feminism and the Ladies’ Land League’, Women’s History Review 10 (1) (2001): 76.
Tom Mann, Memoirs (London: The Labour Publishing Company, 1923), p. 8.
See for instance Roy Foster, Modern Ireland: 1600–1972 (London: Allen Lane, 1988), p. 410.
Margot Backus, The Gothic Family Romance (Durham: Duke University Press, 1999), p. 215.
Geroge Moore, A Drama in Muslin (Buckinghamshire: Colin Smythe, 1981; originally published 1886), pp. 203–4. All references will be to this edition and will be made by page number in the body of the text.
Antoinette Burton, Burdens of History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994), p. 97.
For more on Eva Gore-Booth, see Sonja Tiernan, Eva Gore-Booth: An Image of Such Politics (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2012).
James Murphy, Introduction to Marcella Grace by Rosa Mulholland (1886. Dublin: Maunsel, 2001), p. 8.
Rosa Mulholland, Marcella Grace (Dublin: Maunsel, 2001; originally published 1886), p. 20.
Ward, ‘Gendering the Union’, p. 85; Joseph Valente, The Myth of Manliness in Irish National Culture, 1880–1922 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011), p. 50.
Thomas Brown, Irish-American Nationalism 1870–90 (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1966), p. 115.
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© 2013 Tina O’Toole
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O’Toole, T. (2013). The New Woman and the Land War. In: The Irish New Woman. Palgrave Studies in Nineteenth-Century Writing and Culture. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137349132_4
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