Abstract
Although international organizations command considerable scholarly interest, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the people who work for them. Studies typically describe the functions that these organizations perform (for example, Barnett and Finnemore, 2004; Cox et al., 1973). They summarise the internal structures and procedures of international institutions, assess how effectively they carry out their responsibilities, and (sometimes) attempt to measure their influence. Commentary on personnel matters, such as recruitment, promotion, pay, and working conditions, sometimes also feature (for example, Davies, 2002), but the literature rarely has much to say about the backgrounds of employees, and — the socialization literature aside (for example, Checkel, 2007) — still less about their beliefs.1 Only recently have scholars begun systematically to investigate the motivation and values of international civil servants (Anderfuhren-Biget et al., 2013; Fresia, 2009; Häfliger and Hug, 2012).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderfuhren-Biget, S., Häfliger, U. and Hug, S. (2013) ‘Values in International Organizations’, in Reinalda, B. (ed.) Routledge Handbook of International Organizations (London: Routledge), 270–283.
Balint, T., Bauer, M. W. and Knill, C. (2008) ‘Bureaucratic Change in the European Administrative Space: The Case of the European Commission’, West European Politics, 31, 677–700.
Ban, C. (2013) Management and Culture in an Enlarged European Commission: From Diversity to Unity? (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan).
Barnett, M. and Finnemore, F. (2004) Rules for the World: International Organizations in Global Politics (Ithaka: Cornell University Press).
Bauer, M. W. (2008a) ‘Introduction: Organizational Change, Management Reform and EU Policy-Making’, Journal of European Public Policy, 15, 627–647.
Bauer, M. W. (2008b) Reformingthe European Commission (London: Routledge).
Bellier, I. (1995) ‘Une culture de la Commission Europeenne? De la rencontre des cultures et du multilinguisme des fonctionnaires’, in Meny, Y., Muller, P. and Quermonne, J.-L. (eds.) Politiques Publiques en Europe (Paris: L Harmattan), 49–60.
Checkel, J.T. (ed) International Institutions and Socialization in Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Christiansen, T. (1997) Tensions of European Governance: Politicized Bureaucracy and Multiple Accountability in the European Commission, Journal of European Public Policy, 4:1, 73–90
European Commission. (2004) Fourth Action Programme for Equal Opportunities for Women and Men at the European Commission, 2004–2008 (Brussels: DG ADMIN, European Commission).
European Commission. (2005) ‘Targets for the Recruitment and Appointment of Women to Management and Other A*/AD Level Posts in the Commission 2005’, Communication from Vice-President S. Kallas, SEC (2005) 784/4 (Brussels: European Commission).
European Commission. (2010) ‘Communication to the Commission on the Strategy on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men within the European Commission (2010–2014)’, SEC(2010) 1554/3 (Brussels: European Commission).
European Commission. (2011) The 2004 Enlargement and Commission Recruitments. How the Commission Managed the Recruitment of Staff from 10 New Member States. Situation at the End of the EU-10 Transition Period. Final Report (Brussels: European Commission).
European Commission. (2012) Women on Boards — Factsheet 4. Gender Equality in the European Commission (Brussels: DG Justice, European Commission).
European Commission. (2014) Human Resources. Key Figures Card. Staff Members. (Brussels: DG Human Resources, European Commission), available at http://ec.europa.eu/civil_ service/docs/hr_key_figures_en.pdf.
Coombes, D. L. (1970) Politics and Bureaucracy in the European Community: A Portrait of the Commission of the EEC (London: Allen & Unwin).
Cox, R. W., Jacobson, H. K. and Curzon, G. (1973) The Anatomy of Influence: Decision Making in International Organization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Davies, M. D. V. (2002) The Administration of International Organizations: Top Down and Bottom Up (Burlington: Ashgate).
Featherstone, K. (1994) ‘Jean Monnet and the “democratic deficit” in the European Union’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 32, 149–170.
Fresia, M. (2009) ‘Une elite transnationale: la fabrique d’une identite prof essionnelle chez les fonctionnaires du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies aux Refugies’, Revue Europeenne des Migrations Internationales, 25(3), 167–190.
Häfliger, U. and Hug, S. (2012) ‘International Organizations, Their Employees and Volunteers and Their Values’, Paper prepared for presentation at the IPSA XXII World Congress of Political Science, Madrid.
Hallstein, W. (1965) ‘The EEC Commission: A New Factor in International Life’, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 14, 727–741.
Hooghe, L. (1999a) ‘Consociationalists or Weberians? Top Commission Officials on Nationality’, Governance, 12, 397–424.
Hooghe, L. (1999b) ‘Images of Europe: Orientations to European Integration Among Senior Officials of the Commission’, British Journal of Political Science, 29, 345–367.
Hooghe, L. (1999c) ‘Supranational Activists or Intergovernmental Agents? Explaining the Orientations of Senior Commission Officials Toward European Integration’, Comparative Political Studies, 32, 435–463.
Hooghe, L. (2001) The European Commission and the Integration of Europe: Images of Governance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Hooghe, L. (2012) ‘Images of Europe: How Commission Officials Conceive Their Institution’s Role’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 50, 87–111.
Joana, J. and Smith, A. (2002) Les commissaires européens: Technocrates, diplomates ou politiques? (Paris: Presses de Sciences Po).
Kassim, H. (2004a) ‘A Historic Accomplishment? The Prodi Commission and Administrative Reform’, in D. G. Dimitrakopoulos (ed.) The Changing European Commission (Manchester: Manchester University Press), 33–62.
Kassim, H. (2004b) ‘The Kinnock Reforms in Perspective: Why Reforming the Commission Is an Heroic, but Thankless, Task’, Public Policy and Administration, 19, 25–41.
Kassim, H. (2008) ‘“Mission impossible”, but Mission Accomplished: The Kinnock Reforms and the European Commission’, Journal of European Public Policy, 15, 648–668.
Kassim, H., Peterson, J., Bauer, M. W., Connolly, S., Dehousse, R., Hooghe, L. and Thompson, A. (2013) The European Commission of the Twenty-First Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Lindberg, L. N. (1963) The Political Dynamics of European Integration (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
Michelmann, H. J. (1978) Organisational Effectiveness in a Multinational Bureaucracy (Farnborough: Saxon House).
Monnet, J. (1978) Memoirs, London: Collins
Murray, P. E. (1991) ‘The “International Outlook”’, in Peachey, P., Kromkowski, J. and McLean, G. F. (eds.) The Place of the Person in Social Life (Washington, DC: The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy), 321–344.
Page, E. C. (1997) People Who Run Europe (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Radaelli, C. M. (1999) ‘The Public Policy of the European Union: Whither Politics of Expertise?’, Journal of European Public Policy, 6, 757–774.
Sasse, C., Poullet, E., Coombes, D. L. and Deprez, G. (1977) Decision Making in the European Community (New York: Praeger).
Scharpf, F. W. (1999) Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic? (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Schon-Quinlivan, E. (2011) Reforming the European Commission (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan).
Spierenburg Report. (1979) Proposals for Reforms of the Commission of the European Communities and Its Services. Report Made at the Request of the Commission by an Independent Review Body Under Chairmanship of Mr. Dirk Spierenburg (Brussels).
Spies, Y. K. (2013) ‘Multilateral Diplomats in the Early Twenty-First Century’, in Reinalda, B. (ed.) Routledge Handbook of International Organization (London: Routledge), 205–217.
Stevens, A. and Stevens, H. (2001) Brussels Bureaucrats? The Administration of the European Union (Houndmills: Palgrave).
Szarek, P. and Peterson, P. (2007) ‘Studying the European Commission: A Review of the Literature’, Paper presented at the EU Consent workshop ‘The Commission and the European Civil Service Paris’, 21–22 June 2006.
Woodward, A. (2011) ‘International Organizations and the Organization of Gender’, in Jeanes, E. L., Knights, D. and Martin, P. Y. (eds.) Handbook of Gender, Work and Organization (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell), 355–374.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2015 Sara Connolly and Hussein Kassim
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Connolly, S., Kassim, H. (2015). The Permanent Commission Bureaucrat. In: Bauer, M.W., Trondal, J. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of the European Administrative System. European Administrative Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137339898_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137339898_10
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-46456-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-33989-8
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political Science CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)