Abstract
The late Victorian and Edwardian eras were in many ways times of great opportunity for young women, marked by increased access to secondary, college and university education and paid employment in factories, workshops, offices and professions such as teaching and medicine. New, less restrictive modes of dress and models of body image made headway, associated with the opening up a variety of exercise regimes, sports and recreations to adolescent girls. These opportunities paralleled and, to a certain extent, drove forward a process whereby established ideas of female weakness based on biological vulnerability were challenged and substituted by the ideal of the strong, fit and active modern girl.1 This was a process that varied greatly across the social classes and, though working-class girls had far fewer opportunities in terms of employment or recreational outlets, as subsequent chapters will demonstrate, it potentially involved all girls regardless of status or location. None of these developments, however, went undisputed on medical, social or moral grounds, or all three combined. The emergence of the vibrant and ambitious modern girl triggered negative responses by social commentators eager to preserve the status quo in terms of the ideals of girlhood embodying the characteristics of femininity, docility and homeliness.
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Notes
For the US case, see Joan Jacobs Brumberg, The Body Project: An Intimate History of American Girls (New York: Vintage, 1998)
Jules Michelet, L’Amour (Paris: L. Hachette & Cie, 1858), p. 48.
Anne Digby, Making a Medical Living: Doctors and Patients in the English Market for Medicine, 1720–1911 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994)
T.S. Clouston, Clinical Lectures on Mental Diseases, 3rd edn (London: J. and A. Churchill, 1892), p. 568.
John Thorburn, Female Education from a Medical Point of View (Manchester: J.E. Cornish, 1884), pp. 2
Henry Maudsley The Physiology and Pathology of Mind: A Study of Its Distempers, Deformities and Disorders, 2nd edn (London: Macmillan, 1868), p. 341.
John Thorbum, A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Women (London: Charles Griffin, 1885), pp. 104–5.
Edward Johnson, The Hydropathic Treatment of Diseases Peculiar to Women; and of Women in Childbed; with some Observations on the Management of Infants (London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., 1850), pp. 39–40.
Howard A. Kelly, Medical Gynecology (New York and London: Appleton & Co., 1908), p. 70
G. Stanley Hall, Adolescence: Its Psychology and the Relation to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education (New York: D. Appleton, 1904).
Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality: Volume 1, An Introduction (New York: Vintage Books, 1980).
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© 2013 Hilary Marland
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Marland, H. (2013). Unstable Adolescence: Medicine and the ‘Perils of Puberty’ in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain. In: Health and Girlhood in Britain, 1874–1920. Palgrave Studies in the History of Childhood. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137328144_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137328144_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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