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The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education pp 422–449Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Japan

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Abstract

Meritocracy in education was adopted in the middle of the 19th century by a modernizing Japan. It believed in merit-based selection of young people for what were deemed ‘important’ positions in order to transform a pre-modern feudal Japan into a modern nation. The government created a competitive external examination system by advocating the equality of educational opportunity. Under the post-World War II democratic system of education, it was a concern for human rights that drove merit-based selection through equal educational opportunities. The government and scholarly community have maintained a keen interest in the relationship between educational achievement and family background. This led to the institution of the large-scale Social Stratification and Mobility Survey that has been conducted every ten years since 1955.

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  1. Kaori H. Okano
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ghent University, Belgium

    Peter A. J. Stevens

  2. University of Houston, USA

    A. Gary Dworkin

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© 2014 Kaori H. Okano

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Okano, K.H. (2014). Japan. In: Stevens, P.A.J., Dworkin, A.G. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Race and Ethnic Inequalities in Education. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137317803_15

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