Abstract
In November of 1943, the United Kingdom announced the total prohibition of opium smoking in all British protected territories in the Far East, including Burma.1 This announcement had little practical effect however, as Burma had been under Japanese control for more than a year at that point. When the Japanese army brought the Karenni and Wa states under their control in December of 1943, Japan announced a three-year opium abolition plan for the area. Although at least one author credits the Japanese authorities with sincerity of intention, it is notable that the first step in this plan involved reopening opium dens “to determine who the addicts were”.2
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Notes
Journal of General Assembly [Proceedings of Tuesday January 29, 1946]. Opium: Transfer of Responsibility for Control of Dangerous Drugs from the League of Nations to the United Nations Organization: IOR: M/4/2511, p. 354.
R. Gardiner, “Diary of a Journey from Suprabum to Margherita by the Chaukkan Pass, May–July 1942”, 1942. British Library, India Office Select Materials, Gardiner Papers. Mss Eur A202, f. 146.
Ibid., f. 150.
See Lintner, Burma in Revolt; Renard, The Burmese Connection; Martin Jelsma, Tom Kramer and Petje Vervest (eds) Trouble in the Triangle: Opium and Conflict in Burma (Chiangmai: Silkworm Books, 2005).
Burma Office. Opium Policy in the Frontier Areas — handwritten note dated 17 September 1947 — Opium: Shan States Opium Policy: IOR: M/4/2514.
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© 2014 Ashley Wright
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Wright, A. (2014). Epilogue. In: Opium and Empire in Southeast Asia. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137317605_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137317605_10
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