Abstract
Democratic innovation and new direct and deliberative participatory instruments are no longer an export from the Global North. Deliberative democracy, such as participatory budgeting and national conferences, was implemented and invented in Latin America, where direct democracy seems to be enjoying a new honeymoon (see Uruguay, Ecuador, Venezuela; Altman 2011). Are there learning effects for other continents, such as Africa?
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
African Union (2007) Draft Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance. Addis: AU.
Almond, G.A., Dalton, R.J., Powell, G.B. and Strøm, K. (2006) Comparative Politics Today: A World View. New York: Pearson Longman.
Altmann, D. 2011: Direct DemocracyWorldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Blaydes, Lisa 2006: Who Votes in Authoritarian Elections and Why? Determinants of Voter Turnout in Contemporary Egypt. Paper Presented at APSA 2006.
Bratton, Michael and van der Walle 1997: Democratic Experiments in Africa: Regime Transitions in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Bratton, Michael and Lambright, Gina (2001) Uganda’s Referendum 2000: The Silent Boycott. Afrobarometer Working Paper. Cape Town: Afrobarometer.
Bratton, Michael, Mattes, Robert and Gyimah-Boadi, E. (2005) Public Opinion, Democracy and Market Reform in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Butler, D. and Ranney, A. (eds) (1994) Referendums Around theWorld. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
Chazan, N. (1979) African Voters at the Polls. Re Examination of the Role of Elections in African Politics. Journal of Commonwealths and Comparative Politics 17: 136–158.
Cliffe, L. (2006) Kenya’s Constitutional Reform Referendum. Review of African Political Economy 33: 141–142.
Cottrell, J. and Ghai, Y. (2007) Constitution Making and Democratization in Kenya (2000–2005). Democratization 14, 2: 1–25.
Cranenburg, Oda (2008) ‘Big Men’ Rule: Presidential Power, Regime Type and Democracy in 30 African Countries. Democratization 15, 5: 952–973.
Dahl, R.A. (1971) Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven.
Dzimbiri, L.B. (1994) The Malawi Referendum of June 1993. Electoral Studies 13, 3: 229–234.
Hatchard, J. et al. (2004) Comparative Constitutionalism and Good Governance in the Commonwealth: An Eastern and Southern African Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
IDEA (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance) (2004) Issues Related to Citizen Initiatives. An Electoral Processes Team Working Paper. Stockholm: IDEA.
IDEA (2008) Direct Democracy Handbook. Stockholm: IDEA.
Kaufmann, B. et al. (eds) (2004) Transnational Democracy in the Making. Amsterdam: Nordrhrein, Neuer Wiss Verlag.
Kersting, N. (2007) Electoral Reforms in Southern Africa. Voter Turnout, Electoral Rules and Infrastructure. Journal for African Elections 1.
Kersting, N. (2009) Direct Democracy in Southern and East Africa. Journal of African Elections 8, 2: 1–22.
Kersting, N. (2010a) Direct Democracy in Africa: Constitutional Processes: The South African Plebiscite 1992, Politikon 37, 2–3: 207–222.
Kersting, Norbert (ed.) (2010b) Constitution in Transition: Academic Inputs for a New Constitution in Zimbabwe. Harare: Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation.
Kersting, Norbert (2011) Constitutional Review and Referendums in Kenya. Africa Insight 40, 4: 68–80.
Kirkpatrick, David D. (2012) Egyptian Islamists Approve Draft Constitution Despite Objections. in; The New York Times, 29 November 2012.
Lynch, Gabrielle (2006) The Fruits of Perception: ‘Ethnic Politics’ and the Case of Kenya’s Constitutional Referendum. African Studies 65, 2: 233–270.
Maina, Lucy W., Waswa, Fuchaka and Waiyego, Susan (2005) Pitfalls in Constitution-Making in Kenya: Experiences From Bomas and the 2005 National Referendum. Charton, H. and Medard C. (Eds). L’Afrique Orientale, Annuaire 2005. Paris L’Harmattan, 103–128.
Makumbe, John. (2006) Electoral Politics in Zimbabwe. Authoritarianism Versus the People. Africa Development 3: 45–61.
Marques, A. and Smith, Th. B. (1984) Referendums in the Third World. Electoral Studies 3, 1: 85–105.
Mehler, Andreas (2009) Introduction: Power-Sharing in Africa. Africa Spectrum 44, 3: 2–10.
NEPAD (2003) Objectives, Standards and Indicators for the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM). Johannesburg: Nepad.
Obong Oula, Quintas (2002) Faking Transition to Democracy in Uganda? The 2000 Referendum on Political Systems. L’Afrique orientale (2005): 91–116.
Rourke, John T. et al. (1992) Direct Democracy and International Politics: Deciding International Issues Through Referendums. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Setala, Maija and Theo Schiller (2012) Citizen’s Initiatives in Europe. London: Palgrave.
Strauss, A. (1993) The 1992 Referendum in South Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies 31, 2: 339–360.
Therkildsen, O. (2002) Uganda’s Referendum 2000: The Silent Boycott: A Comment. African Affairs 101, 403: 231–241.
Tsebelis, G. (2002) Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Whitaker, B.E. and Giersch, J. (2009) Voting on a Constitution: Implications for Democracy in Kenya. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 27, 1: 1–20.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 Norbert Kersting
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kersting, N. (2014). Referendums in Africa. In: Qvortrup, M. (eds) Referendums Around the World. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137314703_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137314703_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-34840-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-31470-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political Science CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)