Skip to main content

Gender, Populism and Politics of Belonging: Discourses of Right-Wing Populist Parties in Denmark, Norway and Austria

  • Chapter

Part of the Gender and Politics Series book series (GAP)

Abstract

The meaning of gender equality, women’s rights and family values is contested within and across nation states as well as influenced by a variety of national histories, institutional and cultural contexts, including the European Union (EU). Results from the Eurosphere project1 have emphasised that right-wing populist parties in western Europe combine a strong anti-immigrant profile with a strong euro-scepticism emphasising national values, historical traditions and institutions. The representatives of these parties claim that non-Europeans and Muslims present a threat to national identity, social cohesion and to women’s rights in society. The project’s findings raise general questions about the relationship between gender equality, ethno-national diversity and national belongings in western Europe.

Keywords

  • Gender Equality
  • Immigrant Woman
  • Female Genital Mutilation
  • Muslim Woman
  • Forced Marriage

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Akkerman, T. and A. Hagelund (2007). ‘“Women and Children First!” Anti-Immigration Parties and Gender in Norway and the Netherlands’, Patterns of Prejudice 41 (2): 197–214.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Alesina, A. and E. L. Glaeser (2004). Fighting Poverty in the US and Europe. A World of Difference. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Andreassen, R. and D. Lettinga (2012). ‘Veiled debates: Gender and gender equality in European national narratives’ in Rosenberger and Sauer (eds.) 2012. Politics, Religion and Gender. Framing and Regulating the Veil. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Art, D. (2011). Inside the Radical Right. The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Betz Hans-Georg (1994). Radical right populism in Western Europe, Basingstoke: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betz, H-G. and C. Johnson (2004). ‘Against the Current–Stemming the Tide: the Nostalgic Ideology of the Contemporary Radical Populist Right’, Journal of Political Ideologies 9 (3): 311–27.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Betz, H-G. and S. Meret (2009). ‘Revisiting Lepanto: The Political Mobilisation against Islam in Contemporary Western Europe’, Patterns of Prejudice 43 (3–4): 313–34.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bjørklund, T. (2009). ‘To mål på arbeiderklasse: Yrke og klassetilhørighet Norske velgere og partier fra 1965 til 2005’, Norsk Statsvitenskapelig Tidsskrift 1: 5–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjørklund, T. (2011). ‘The Radical Right in Norway. The Development of the Progress Party’ in N. Lagenbacher and B. Schellenberg (eds) Is Europe on the ‘Right’ Path. Berlin: The Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, pp. 271–94. http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/do/08338.pdf, accessed 18 March 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornschier, S. (2010). Cleavage and the Populist Right. The New Cultural Conflicts in Western Europe. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danish Electoral Survey (2011). Own calculations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansk Folkeparti (DF) (1997). Principprogram. København: Nyhavns Tryk og Kopi Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansk Folkeparti (DF) (2001a). Fcelles vcerdier -– Fcelles ansvar. Arbejdsprogram for Dansk Folkeparti. København.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansk Folkepartis Folketingsgruppe (DF) (2001b). Danmarks Fremtid. Dit land–Dit valg… København: Form and Tryk ApS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansk Folkeparti (DF) (2007). Fcelles vcerdier–Fcelles ansvar. Arbejdsprogram.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansk Folkeparti (DF) (2009). Fcelles vcerdier–Fcelles ansvar. Arbejdsprogram, http://www.danskfolkeparti.dk/Indledning.asp,accessed 18 March 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansk Folkepartis Folketingsgruppe (2001). Danmarks Fremtid. Dit Land–Dit Valg… København: Form and tryk ApS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dokument nr. 8: 93 (2003–4). Privat forslag fra stortingsrepresentanterne Carl I. Hagen, Per Sandberg, Arne Sortevik og Karin S. Woldseth om tiltak for å fremme integrering.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eatwell R. (2002). ‘The Rebirth of Right Wing Charisma? The Cases of Jean-Marie Le Pen and Vladimir Zhirinovsky’, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. London: Frank Cass, pp. 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • FPÖ (1997). ‘Platform of the Austrian Freedom Party’ in: S. A. Melanie (ed.) The Haider Phenomenon, New York: East European Monographs, pp. 44–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) (1997). Programm der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs (English printed edition). Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) (2005). Das Parteiprogramm der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs. Mit Berücksichtigung der beschlossenen Änderungen vom 27. Ordentlichen Bundesparteitag der FPÖ. Salzburg 23 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) (2008). Handbuch freiheitlicher Politik. Ein Leitfaden für Führungsfunktionäre und Mandatsträger der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs, 1. Auslage. Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) (2011). Parteiprogramm der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs (FPÖ), Österreich Zuerst, Beschlossen von Bundesparteistag der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs am 18. Juni 2011 in Graz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fremskritt (2011). ‘Innvandring og eldrebølge’, no. 11/37, 12, 4 June. Fremskritt (2011). ‘Vi står sammen i sorgen’, no. 14/37, 3, 30 July. Fremskrittspartiet. Prinsipp- og handlingsprogram 1985–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fremskrittspartiet. Fremskrittspartiets Prinsipp- og handlingsprogram 2005–9. Fremskrittspartiet. Fremskrittspartiets handlingsprogram 2009–13. http://www.frp.no/no/Vi_mener/Handlingsprogram_2009–2013/, accessed 30 November 2012.

  • Fremskrittspartiet. Fremskrittspartiets Prinsipper 2009–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fremskrittspartiet. Fremskrittspartiets Handlings -program 2009–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • FrP’s Annual Meeting (2009). Siv Jensen’s speech at the party annual meeting. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cyzUjAiYAhsandfeature=relmhfu, accessed 30 September 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Givens, T. E. (2004). ‘The Radical Right Gender Gap’, Comparative Political Studies 37 (1): 30–5.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Givens, T. E. (2005). Voting Radical Right in Western Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Goul Andersen, J. and T. Bjørklund (2000). ‘Radical Right-Wing Populism in Scandinavia: From Tax Revolt to Neo-liberalism’ in P. Hainsworth (ed.) The Politics of the Extreme Right. London: Pinter, pp. 193–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goul Andersen, J. (2004). ‘Danmark: Fremskridtspartiet og Dansk Folkeparti’ in J. Rydgren and A. Widfeldt (eds) Från Le Pen till Pim Fortuyn–Populism och Parlamentarisk Högerextremism i Dagens Europa. Malmö: Liber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hainsworth, P. (ed.) (2000). The Politics of the Extreme Right. From the Margins to the Mainstream. London and New York: Pinter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, S. (2007). ‘Norske feminister er navlebeskuende’, quoted in: Aftenposten, 8 March 2007. http://www.aftenposten.no/debatt/Norske-feminister-ernavlebeskuende-6610707.html, accessed 30 September 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjærsgaard Pia (2008). ‘Domstolene skal holdes fri fra politik og religion’, in Pia Kjærsgaards ugebrev 28 April 2008. http://www.danskfolkeparti.dk/Domstolene_skal_holdes_fri_fra_politik_og_religion.asp,accessed 30 September 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitschelt, H. and A. J. McGann (1995). The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kriesi, H., E. Grande, R. Lachat, M. Dolezal, S. Bornschier and T. Frey (2008). West European Politics in the Age of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Meret, S. (2010). The Danish People’s Party, the Italian Northern League and the Austrian Freedom Party in a Comparative Perspective: Party Ideology and Electoral Support, SPIRIT PhD series. Aalborg: Aalborg University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meret, S. (2011). ‘From the Margins to the Mainstream? The Development of the Radical Right in Denmark’ in N. Lagenbacher and B. Schellenberg (eds) Is Europe on the ‘Right’ Path. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, pp. 243–66. http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/do/08338.pdf, accessed 18 March 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mokre, M. (2010). Diversity and the European Public Sphere. The Case of Austria. Online country Report No. 2: http://eurospheres.org/files/2010/06/Austria. pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudde, C. (2000). The Ideology of the Extreme Right. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudde, C. (2007). Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Norocel, C. (2010). ‘Romania is a Family and it Needs a Strict Father: Conceptual Metaphors at Work in Radical Right Populist Discourses’, Nationalities Papers 38 (5): 705–21.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, P. (2005). Radical-Right: Voters and Parties in the Electoral Market. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ôzkirimli, U. (2005). Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedahzur, A. and B. Avraham (2002). ‘The Institutionalisation of Extreme Right Wing Charismatic Parties’, Party Politics 8 (1): 31–49.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger, S. and B. Sauer (eds) (2012). Politics, Religion and Gender. Framing and Regulating the Veil. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rydgren, J. (2005). ‘Is Extreme Right-wing Populism Contagious? Explaining the Emergence of a New Party Family’, European Journal of Political Research 44: 413–37.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Rydgren, J. (ed.) (2012). ‘Right Wing Populism and the Working Class’. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schain M., A. Zolberg and P. Hossay (2002). Shadows over Europe: The Development and Impact of the Extreme Right in Western Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sicakkan, H. (2010). ‘Diversity and the European Public Sphere. The Case of Norway’. Online country Report No. 1, 2010. http://eurosphere.uib.no/knowledgebase/workingpapers.htm

    Google Scholar 

  • Siim, B. and H. Skjeie (2008). ‘Tracks, Intersections and Dead Ends. Multicultural Challenges to State Feminism in Denmark and Norway’, Ethnicities 8 (3): 322–44.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Wodak, R. and A. Pelinka (eds) (2002). The Haider Phenomenon in Austria. New Brunswick/New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuval-Davis, N. (1997). Gender and Nation. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2011). The Politics of Belonging: Intersectional Contestations. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2013 Susi Meret Birte Siim

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Meret, S., Siim, B. (2013). Gender, Populism and Politics of Belonging: Discourses of Right-Wing Populist Parties in Denmark, Norway and Austria. In: Siim, B., Mokre, M. (eds) Negotiating Gender and Diversity in an Emergent European Public Sphere. Gender and Politics Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137291295_5

Download citation