Conclusion

Abstract

Utilising an analytical framework based on strategic culture and role theory, this book has assessed continuity and change in Poland’s and Germany’s approaches to CSDP in the context of the 21st century security environment. Both these analytical tools allowed for an evaluation of the dynamics behind change as well as an insight into the relevant importance of the various aspects of both countries’ strategic cultures and role sets. Change has occurred in both countries’ security and defence policies, albeit gradually, to take into account the new security environment which has had a positive influence on CSDP. However this has not been without controversy due to role conflict between aspects of Germany’s and Poland’s security policy. In the German case a conflict between its reflexive multilateralism and its restraints on the use of force has produced a greater willingness to deploy the Bundeswehr but significant restrictions remain. For Poland, it is beginning to overcome its more regional threat perceptions to enable the country to fulfil other aspects of its security and defence policy, not least its reliable-ally role combined with an emphasis on ‘nothing about us without us’.