Conclusion

Abstract

During the first decade of the twenty-first century, during the boom years of 2005–9 and the “Great Recession” and “Anemic Recovery” stages that followed, entrepreneurship stood front and center as both opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs harnessed the spirit of enterprise to create something of their very own. Regardless of political orientation — socialist, capitalist, or mixed — many countries have been promoting entrepreneurship through a variety of policy mechanisms and program delivery vehicles. Malaysia, Singapore, China, India, Vietnam, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, and many others have seen their governments evolve and adopt “business-friendly” policies. As examples, India is making it easy for Indians living abroad to come back to their country and develop a new business, and China’s Community Central Party School offers courses on entrepreneurship. While Mao Tse-tung is most likely turning over in his grave, the entrepreneurial bug has caught on in the People’s Republic of China and pragmatism has chipped away at ideological purity in a country that remains authoritarian but perhaps with a looser grip on the reins of power and control.