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There are certainly parallels here to what Paul Deslandes discovered about self-regulation in the elite universities at the time. Paul Deslandes, Oxbridge Men: British Masculinity and the Undergraduate Experience, 1850–1920 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005).
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Simon Gunn, in his study of Manchester clubs, found that the increasingly rigid qualifications for membership and strict rules governing acceptable behavior extended beyond London. Simon Gunn, The Public Culture of the Victorian Middle Class: Ritual and Authority and the English Industrial City 1840–1914 (Manchester and London: Manchester University Press, 2000), 95.
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Club law was both similar enough that a general guide could be produced, and important enough for such a text to find a market. Maxwell Turner and A. S. Wilson, The haw Relating to Clubs, 5th ed. (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1935), 121, 17.
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Public violence among men had seen a marked decrease since the eighteenth century. Dueling and violent fighting, once a way to reaffirm masculinity and social status, gave way to more restrained codes of public behavior. Robert Shoemaker, “Male Honour and the Decline of Public Violence in Eighteenth-Century London,” Social History 26, no. 2 (2001): 190–208.
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The suggestion by a member at the National Liberal Club that no member could enjoy intoxicating liquors except when lunching or dining was met with ironic support by one author who argued that wine would only force politicians to tell the truth, so it was a good thing to ban the stuff. Mostyn T. Pigott, “In Vino Veritas,” The World, April 29, 1913, 107.
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Attempts to imagine temperance in the clubs were transparent, at best. One humorous tale, “Squiff,” tells the light-hearted story of a clubman renowned for his drinking. He left his club so inebriated that he had trouble walking on the sidewalks, and instead of his flat he wandered into a conjuror’s shop. There he had a series of comical encounters with magical items. When wrestling with a bunch of snakes he finally awoke and realised he was safe at home. This ludicrous evening convinces the man to become an abstainer, and he comforts himself by thinking his club friends will have to devise another nickname for him. Fred Carlton, “Squiff” an Episode of London Club Life (London: Messrs. Price & Reynolds, 1907), 1–4.
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For one very clear example in which cheating at cards was used as a shorthand for a villainous character see: Hamilton Aïdé, Introduced to Society, 2 vols. (London, 1884), 1: 215.
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Arthur Conan Doyle also employed cheating at cards to characterize one of Professor Moriarty’s accomplices as an irresolute scoundrel. Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Empty House,” in The Complete Original Illustrated Sherlock Holmes (Secaucus, NJ: Castle Books, 1976), 449–463.
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