Abstract
The literature of the Jesus movement is filled with dramatic scenes of healing in which the sick are rescued from demonic forces (Jesus’ healing miracles in the Gospels), aligning sickness and disability with evil. The violent death of Jesus became a rallying point for early Christians, elevating the weak body as a source of identity and power (the passion narrative in the Gospels, Pauline Christianity, 1 Peter). This chapter examines ancient attitudes toward illness and disability as a means of understanding the opposing attitudes represented in 1 Peter. The study of disability in the ancient world poses several problems for historians of religion. First, the New Testament sources themselves are not written as historical accounts of sickness and healing, but as narratives or treatises with a broader agenda: providing an account or explanation of the early Jesus movement. Second, even if the perspectives of the sick are available to us through historical criticism of the texts, there is no guarantee that they do not represent mere parroting of the dominant narratives of healing and wholeness.
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Notes
Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (New York: Vintage, 1995 [1975]), 130–31.
Ibid. Louise Wells, The Greek Language of Healing from Homer to New Testament Times (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1998), 71.
R. J. Hankinson, The Cambridge Companion to Galen (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 1–2;
George Sarton, Galen of Pergamon (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 1954), 15.
For examples see Sara B. Aleshire, The Athenian Asklepieion: The People, the Inscriptions, and the Inventories (Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben, 1989)
and Lynn R. LiDonnici, The Epidaurian Miracle Inscriptions: Text, Translation and Commentary (Texts and Translations: Graeco-Roman Religion Series; Atlanta: Scholars 1995).
Laura Bronwen Wickkiser, Asklepios, Medicine, and the Politics of Healing in Fifth-Century Greece: Between Craft and Cult (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 49.
Paul J. Achtemeier, 1 Peter: A Commentary on First Peter, ed. Eldon Jay Epp, (Hermeneia; Minneapolis: Fortress, 1996), 23–29, Leonhard Goppelt, A Commentary on First Peter, ed. Ferdinand Hahn, trans. John E. Alsup (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993). Although we have reference to distaste for Christians, which likely led to the verbal abuse referenced in this letter, there is no evidence for any official kind of persecution in conjunction with 1 Peter’s audience.
J. H. Elliott, A Home for the Homeless: A Sociological Exegesis of 1 Peter, Its Situation and Strategy (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981), 131.
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© 2011 Candida R. Moss and Jeremy Schipper
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Henning, M. (2011). In Sickness and in Health: Ancient “Rituals of Truth” in the Greco-Roman World and 1 Peter. In: Moss, C.R., Schipper, J. (eds) Disability Studies and Biblical Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137001207_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137001207_12
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