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Notes
See Harold Temperley, England and the Near East: The Crimea (n. p.: Areno n Books, 1964), for an excellent discussion (from the British perspective) of the problems facing Sultan Mahmud and his various attempts to solve them. The sultan’s generally “western” or “liberal” policies and the disorder in his realm rendered his rule unstable and made him extremely vulnerable to the criticism that he was excessively subservient to the enemies of the faith (a faith which he himself was sometimes accused of subverting).
V. A. Liakhov, Russkaia armiia i flot v voine s ottomanskoi Turtsiei v 1828–1829 go-dakh (Iaroslavl’: 1972), p. 31. The fact that 50 percent of the grain got through is, presumably, a testimony to Russian ingenuity or Turkish incompetence.
Ibid., p. 35, quoting N. K. Shil’der, Imperator Aleksanaer I, vol. 4 (Saint Petersburg: 1898), p. 225.
N. K. Shil’der, Imperator Nikolai Pervyi, vol. II, p. 250. The committee consisted of A. N. Golitsyn, P. A. Tolsoi, Prince Nessel’rode, D. V. Dashkov, and A. I. Chernyshev, and it was chaired by V. P. Kochubei.
See S. S. Tatishchev, Vneshniaia politika Imperatora Nikolaia I: Vvedenie v istoriiu vneshnikh snoshenii Rossii v epokhu Sevastopol’skoi voiny (St. Petersburg: 1887) for a detailed discussion of Nicholas’s diplomacy toward Turkey in the first half of the nineteenth century.
Helmuth von Moltke, The Russians in Bulgaria and Rumelia in 1828 and 1829: During the Campaigns of the Danube, the Sieges of Brailov, Varna, Silistria, Shumla, and the Passage of the Balkans by Marshal Diebitsch (London: J. Murray, 1854), p. 258.
L. G. Beskrovnyi, Russkaia armiia i flot v XIX veke: Voenno-ekonomicheskii po-tentsial Rossii (Moscow: “Nauka,” 1973), pp. 73–76.
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© 1999 Frederick W. Kagan
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Kagan, F.W. (1999). Lessons Lost: The Problems of the 1828 Campaign in Turkey. In: The Military Reforms of Nicholas I. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780312299576_5
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