Skip to main content

“Yeah, It Is Important to Know Arabic—I Just Don’t Like Learning It”

Can Jews Become Bilingual in the Palestinian-Jewish Integrated Bilingual Schools?

  • Chapter

Abstract

For the last decade, I have been studying integrated bilingual Palestinian-Jewish schools in Israel. Identity construction and cultural negotiation were the interests that brought me into this scene. However, I had little choice but to start paying attention to language because language was always marked in the activities I recorded. Language was marked because the teaching of both Arabic and Hebrew had been chosen as the main feature through which to mediate the encounter between the two populations involved, Jews and Palestinians, with their long history of conflict. It was assumed that the learning of the other group’s language was essential in fostering outgroup recognition and tolerance. Over the course of my research, I continually returned to the following question: how could an educational environment so committed to bilingualism and so invested in efforts to achieve bilingualism fail for one group (Jews) while being so successful for the other (Palestinians)?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Al-Haj, M. (2005). National ethos, multicultural education, and the new history textbooks in Israel. Curriculum Inquiry, 35(1), 48–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amrein, A., & Peña, R. (2000). Asymmetry in dual language practice: Assessing imbalance in a program promoting equity [Electronic version]. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8. Retrieved August 18, 2007, from http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v8n8.html

  • Bekerman, Z. (2003a). Never free of suspicion. Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, 3(2), 136–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekerman, Z. (2003b). Reshaping conflict through school ceremonial events in Israeli Palestinian-Jewish Co-Education. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34(2), 205–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekerman, Z. (2004). Multicultural approaches and options in conflict ridden areas: Bilingual Palestinian-Jewish education in Israel. Teachers College Record, 106(3), 574–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekerman, Z. (2005). Complex contexts and ideologies: Bilingual education in conflict-ridden areas. Journal of Language Identity and Education, 4(1), 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekerman, Z., & Maoz, I. (2005). Troubles with identity: Obstacles to coexistence education in conflict ridden societies. Identity, 5(4), 341–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekerman, Z., & Nir, A. (2006). Opportunities and challenges of integrated education in conflict ridden societies: The case of Palestinian-Jewish schools in Israel. Childhood Education, 82(6), 324–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekerman, Z., & Shhadi, N. (2003). Palestinian Jewish bilingual education in Israel: Its influence on school students. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 24(6), 473–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bissoonauth, A., & Offord, M. (2001). Language use in Mauritian adolescents. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 25(5), 381–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clement, R., & Kruidenier, B. G. (1983). Orientations in second language acquisition: The effects of ethnicity, milieu, and target language on their emergence. Language Learning, 33, 272–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clement, R., & Kruidenier, B. G. (1985). Aptitude, attitude and motivation in second language proficiency: A test of Clement’s model. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 4(1), 21–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donitsa-Schmidt, S., Inbar, O., & Shohamy, E. (2004). The effects of teaching spoken Arabic on students’ attitudes and motivation in Israel. The Modern Language Journal, 88(ii), 217–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dornyei, Z. (2001). Teaching and researching motivation. Harlow; UK: Pearson Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dornyei, Z. (2003). Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning: Advances in theory, research, and applications. Language Learning, 53(1), 3–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edelsky, C. (1996). With literacy and justice for all: Rethinking the social in language and education. London, UK: Taylor & Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feuerverger, G. (1998). Neve Shalom/Wahat Al-Salam: A Jewish-Arab school for peace. Teachers College Record, 99, 692–730.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J. A. (1970). Sociolinguistics. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J. A. (1989). Language and ethnicity in minority sociolinguistic perspective: Loyalty in the United States. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, J. A. (1997). Language and ethnicity: The view from within. In F. Coulmas (Ed.), The handbook of sociolinguistics (pp. 327–343). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R. D. (1998). Bilingual education and social change. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, Y. S., Freeman, D. E., & Mercuri, S. P. (2005). Dual language essentials for teachers and administrators. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, O. (1997). Bilingual education. In F. Coulmas (Ed.), The handbook of sociolinguistics (pp. 405–420). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardener, R., & Lambert, W. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genesee, F., & Gandara, P. (1999). Bilingual education programs: A cross national perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 55(4), 665–685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glazier, J. A. (2003). Developing cultural fluency: Arab and Jewish students engaging in one another’s company. Harvard Educational Review, 73(2), 141–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glazier, J. A. (2004). Collaborating with the “other”: Arab and Jewish teachers teaching in each other’s company. Teachers College Rec, 106(3), 611–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, L., Freeman, D., & Freeman, Y. (2005). Dual language education: A promising 50–50 model. Bilingual research journal, 29(1), 145–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D. (2005). History textbooks, narratives, and democracy: A response to Majid Al-Haj. Curriculum Inquiry, 35(3), 367–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haarmann, H. (1986). Language in ethnicity: A view of basic ecological relations. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Haslett, B. (1989). Communication and language. In S. Ting-Toomey & F. Korzenny (Eds.), Language, communication, and culture (pp. 19–34). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, E. R., & Christian, D. (2002). Two-way immersion 101: Designing and implementing a two-way immersion education program at the elementary level. Santa Cruz, CA: Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence, University of California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inbar, O., Donitsa-Schmidt, S., & Shohamy, E. (2000). Students’ motivation as a function of language learning: The teaching of Arabic in Israel. In Z. Dornyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 70–96). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, Second language Teaching & Curriculum Center, 70–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jong, E. J. d. (2002). Effective bilingual education: From theory to academic achievement in a two-way bilingual program. Bilingual Research Journal, 26(1), 65–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khalidi, R. (1997). Palestinian identity: The construction of modern national consciousness. New York: Columbia University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, W. E., & Cazabon, M. T. (1994). Students’ views of the Amigos program (Research Report No. 11) Santa Cruz: National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learningo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindholm-Leary, K. (2001). Dual language education. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCollum, P. (1999). Learning to value English: Cultural capital is a two-way bilingual program. Bilingual Research Journal, 23(2/3), 113–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noels, K. A., Pelletier, L. G., Clement, R., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). Why are you learning a second language? Motivational orientations and self-determination theory. Language Learning, 53(1), 33–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obeng, S. G. (2000). Speaking the unspeakable: Discursive strategies to express language attitudes in Legon (Ghana) graffiti. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33(3), 291–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papademeter, L., & Routoulas, S. (2001). Social, political, educational, linguistic and cultural (dis-) incentives for languages education in Australia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 22(2), 134–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulston, C. (1994). Linguistic Minorities in Multilingual Settings. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ricento, T. (2000). Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4(2), 196–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ricento, T., & Hornberger, N. (1996). Unpeeling the onion: Language planning and policy and the ELT professional. TESOL Quarterly, 30, 401–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rouhana, N. (1997). Palestinian citizens in an ethnic Jewish state. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Safran, W. (1999). Nationalism. In J. A. fishman (Ed.), Handbook of language and ethnic identity (pp. 77–93). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scollon, R., & Scollon, S. B. K. (1981). Narrative, literacy and face in interethnic communication. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skutnabb-Kangas, T., & Garcia, O. (Eds.). (1995). Multilingualism for all? General principles. Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slavin, R. E., & Cooper, R. (1999). Improving intergroup relations: Lessons learned from cooperative learning programs. Journal of Social Issues, 55(4), 647–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. D. (1998). Nationalism and modernism. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Statistical Abstract of Israel (2002). Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, W. P., & Collier, V. P. (2002). A national study of school effectiveness for language minority students’ long-term academic achievement. Retrieved August 15, 2007, from http://crede.berkeley.edu/research/crede/pdf/rb10.pdf

  • Torres-Guzmán, M. E. (2002). Dual language programs. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tosi, A. (1999). The notion of “community” in language maintenance. In G. Extra & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Bilingualism and migration (pp. 325–343). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdes, G. (1997). Dual-language immersion programs: A cautionary note concerning the education of language minority students. Harvard Educational Review, 67(3), 391–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valdes, G. (1998). The world outside and inside schools: Language and immigrant children. Education Researcher, 27(6), 4–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, M. (1994). Motivation in foreign and second language learning: An interactive perspective. Educational and Child Psychology, 11, 77–84.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Claire McGlynn Michalinos Zembylas Zvi Bekerman Tony Gallagher

Copyright information

© 2009 Claire McGlynn, Michalinos Zembylas, Zvi Bekerman, and Tony Gallagher

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bekerman, Z. (2009). “Yeah, It Is Important to Know Arabic—I Just Don’t Like Learning It”. In: McGlynn, C., Zembylas, M., Bekerman, Z., Gallagher, T. (eds) Peace Education in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230620421_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics