Abstract
For the last decade, I have been studying integrated bilingual Palestinian-Jewish schools in Israel. Identity construction and cultural negotiation were the interests that brought me into this scene. However, I had little choice but to start paying attention to language because language was always marked in the activities I recorded. Language was marked because the teaching of both Arabic and Hebrew had been chosen as the main feature through which to mediate the encounter between the two populations involved, Jews and Palestinians, with their long history of conflict. It was assumed that the learning of the other group’s language was essential in fostering outgroup recognition and tolerance. Over the course of my research, I continually returned to the following question: how could an educational environment so committed to bilingualism and so invested in efforts to achieve bilingualism fail for one group (Jews) while being so successful for the other (Palestinians)?
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Al-Haj, M. (2005). National ethos, multicultural education, and the new history textbooks in Israel. Curriculum Inquiry, 35(1), 48–71.
Amrein, A., & Peña, R. (2000). Asymmetry in dual language practice: Assessing imbalance in a program promoting equity [Electronic version]. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8. Retrieved August 18, 2007, from http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v8n8.html
Bekerman, Z. (2003a). Never free of suspicion. Cultural Studies Critical Methodologies, 3(2), 136–147.
Bekerman, Z. (2003b). Reshaping conflict through school ceremonial events in Israeli Palestinian-Jewish Co-Education. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34(2), 205–224.
Bekerman, Z. (2004). Multicultural approaches and options in conflict ridden areas: Bilingual Palestinian-Jewish education in Israel. Teachers College Record, 106(3), 574–610.
Bekerman, Z. (2005). Complex contexts and ideologies: Bilingual education in conflict-ridden areas. Journal of Language Identity and Education, 4(1), 1–20.
Bekerman, Z., & Maoz, I. (2005). Troubles with identity: Obstacles to coexistence education in conflict ridden societies. Identity, 5(4), 341–358.
Bekerman, Z., & Nir, A. (2006). Opportunities and challenges of integrated education in conflict ridden societies: The case of Palestinian-Jewish schools in Israel. Childhood Education, 82(6), 324–333.
Bekerman, Z., & Shhadi, N. (2003). Palestinian Jewish bilingual education in Israel: Its influence on school students. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 24(6), 473–484.
Bissoonauth, A., & Offord, M. (2001). Language use in Mauritian adolescents. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 25(5), 381–400.
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Clement, R., & Kruidenier, B. G. (1983). Orientations in second language acquisition: The effects of ethnicity, milieu, and target language on their emergence. Language Learning, 33, 272–291.
Clement, R., & Kruidenier, B. G. (1985). Aptitude, attitude and motivation in second language proficiency: A test of Clement’s model. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 4(1), 21–37.
Donitsa-Schmidt, S., Inbar, O., & Shohamy, E. (2004). The effects of teaching spoken Arabic on students’ attitudes and motivation in Israel. The Modern Language Journal, 88(ii), 217–228.
Dornyei, Z. (2001). Teaching and researching motivation. Harlow; UK: Pearson Education.
Dornyei, Z. (2003). Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning: Advances in theory, research, and applications. Language Learning, 53(1), 3–32.
Edelsky, C. (1996). With literacy and justice for all: Rethinking the social in language and education. London, UK: Taylor & Francis.
Feuerverger, G. (1998). Neve Shalom/Wahat Al-Salam: A Jewish-Arab school for peace. Teachers College Record, 99, 692–730.
Fishman, J. A. (1970). Sociolinguistics. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Fishman, J. A. (1989). Language and ethnicity in minority sociolinguistic perspective: Loyalty in the United States. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Fishman, J. A. (1997). Language and ethnicity: The view from within. In F. Coulmas (Ed.), The handbook of sociolinguistics (pp. 327–343). Oxford: Blackwell.
Freeman, R. D. (1998). Bilingual education and social change. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Freeman, Y. S., Freeman, D. E., & Mercuri, S. P. (2005). Dual language essentials for teachers and administrators. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Garcia, O. (1997). Bilingual education. In F. Coulmas (Ed.), The handbook of sociolinguistics (pp. 405–420). Oxford: Blackwell.
Gardener, R., & Lambert, W. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Genesee, F., & Gandara, P. (1999). Bilingual education programs: A cross national perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 55(4), 665–685.
Glazier, J. A. (2003). Developing cultural fluency: Arab and Jewish students engaging in one another’s company. Harvard Educational Review, 73(2), 141–163.
Glazier, J. A. (2004). Collaborating with the “other”: Arab and Jewish teachers teaching in each other’s company. Teachers College Rec, 106(3), 611–633.
Gomez, L., Freeman, D., & Freeman, Y. (2005). Dual language education: A promising 50–50 model. Bilingual research journal, 29(1), 145–164.
Gordon, D. (2005). History textbooks, narratives, and democracy: A response to Majid Al-Haj. Curriculum Inquiry, 35(3), 367–376.
Haarmann, H. (1986). Language in ethnicity: A view of basic ecological relations. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Haslett, B. (1989). Communication and language. In S. Ting-Toomey & F. Korzenny (Eds.), Language, communication, and culture (pp. 19–34). London: Sage.
Howard, E. R., & Christian, D. (2002). Two-way immersion 101: Designing and implementing a two-way immersion education program at the elementary level. Santa Cruz, CA: Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence, University of California.
Inbar, O., Donitsa-Schmidt, S., & Shohamy, E. (2000). Students’ motivation as a function of language learning: The teaching of Arabic in Israel. In Z. Dornyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 70–96). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, Second language Teaching & Curriculum Center, 70–96.
Jong, E. J. d. (2002). Effective bilingual education: From theory to academic achievement in a two-way bilingual program. Bilingual Research Journal, 26(1), 65–86.
Khalidi, R. (1997). Palestinian identity: The construction of modern national consciousness. New York: Columbia University Press
Lambert, W. E., & Cazabon, M. T. (1994). Students’ views of the Amigos program (Research Report No. 11) Santa Cruz: National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learningo.
Lindholm-Leary, K. (2001). Dual language education. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
McCollum, P. (1999). Learning to value English: Cultural capital is a two-way bilingual program. Bilingual Research Journal, 23(2/3), 113–134.
Noels, K. A., Pelletier, L. G., Clement, R., & Vallerand, R. J. (2003). Why are you learning a second language? Motivational orientations and self-determination theory. Language Learning, 53(1), 33–64.
Obeng, S. G. (2000). Speaking the unspeakable: Discursive strategies to express language attitudes in Legon (Ghana) graffiti. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 33(3), 291–319.
Papademeter, L., & Routoulas, S. (2001). Social, political, educational, linguistic and cultural (dis-) incentives for languages education in Australia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 22(2), 134–151.
Paulston, C. (1994). Linguistic Minorities in Multilingual Settings. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Ricento, T. (2000). Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4(2), 196–213.
Ricento, T., & Hornberger, N. (1996). Unpeeling the onion: Language planning and policy and the ELT professional. TESOL Quarterly, 30, 401–428.
Rouhana, N. (1997). Palestinian citizens in an ethnic Jewish state. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Safran, W. (1999). Nationalism. In J. A. fishman (Ed.), Handbook of language and ethnic identity (pp. 77–93). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scollon, R., & Scollon, S. B. K. (1981). Narrative, literacy and face in interethnic communication. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T., & Garcia, O. (Eds.). (1995). Multilingualism for all? General principles. Lisse: Swets and Zeitlinger.
Slavin, R. E., & Cooper, R. (1999). Improving intergroup relations: Lessons learned from cooperative learning programs. Journal of Social Issues, 55(4), 647–663.
Smith, A. D. (1998). Nationalism and modernism. London: Routledge.
Statistical Abstract of Israel (2002). Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem, Israel.
Thomas, W. P., & Collier, V. P. (2002). A national study of school effectiveness for language minority students’ long-term academic achievement. Retrieved August 15, 2007, from http://crede.berkeley.edu/research/crede/pdf/rb10.pdf
Torres-Guzmán, M. E. (2002). Dual language programs. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education.
Tosi, A. (1999). The notion of “community” in language maintenance. In G. Extra & L. Verhoeven (Eds.), Bilingualism and migration (pp. 325–343). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Valdes, G. (1997). Dual-language immersion programs: A cautionary note concerning the education of language minority students. Harvard Educational Review, 67(3), 391–429.
Valdes, G. (1998). The world outside and inside schools: Language and immigrant children. Education Researcher, 27(6), 4–18.
Williams, M. (1994). Motivation in foreign and second language learning: An interactive perspective. Educational and Child Psychology, 11, 77–84.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2009 Claire McGlynn, Michalinos Zembylas, Zvi Bekerman, and Tony Gallagher
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bekerman, Z. (2009). “Yeah, It Is Important to Know Arabic—I Just Don’t Like Learning It”. In: McGlynn, C., Zembylas, M., Bekerman, Z., Gallagher, T. (eds) Peace Education in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230620421_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230620421_15
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-37536-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-62042-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social & Cultural Studies CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)