Abstract
The antagonism between clericals and anticlericals over the course of the first decade of the twentieth century was heightened more so than at any other time during the Restoration. These years saw numerous examples of popular anticlerical mobilization, such as the demonstrations after the Madrid premiere of Benito Pérez Galdós’ Electra in 1901 and the “Tragic Week” of the summer 1909, which resulted in the destruction or vandalism of eighty churches, convents, and clerical residences in Barcelona.1 After the defeat in the Spanish-American War, radical republican discourse emphasized “the [M]anicheist division between the good people and the wicked representatives of clericalism.”2 Republicans, especially, were characterized by “the obsession with blaming all the evils of the country on a clerical conspiracy aimed at controlling Spain by means of its previous moral and material ruin; and the orientation of the people’s wrath toward clericalism as the only, or main, enemy.”3 By 1900 and throughout the first decade of the twentieth century, republican anticlericalism had made deep inroads into the revolutionary left, which was now often willing to work or plot with radical republicans such as Lerroux, and which had been exposed to a steady flow of anticlerical paraphernalia designed to make them feel aggrieved with the regime.
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Notes
Sebastian Balfour, The End of the Spanish Empire, 1898–1923, 12–13. See also John Lawrence Tone, War and Genocide in Cuba, 1895–1898, 81–96; and Louis A. Pérez, Jr., “Cuba between Empires, 1898–1899,” Pacific Historical Review 48, 4 (1979); 473–500.
Tone, War and Genocide in Cuba, 218. See Louis A. Pérez, Jr. “The Meaning of the Maine: Causation and the Historiography of the Spanish-American War,” Pacific Historical Review 58, 3 (1989): 293–322
On the Prescott Paradigm and Spanish historiography, see Richard L. Kagan, “Prescott’s Paradigm: American Historical Scholarship and the Decline of Spain,” American Historical Review 101, 2 (April 1996): 423–446.
Martin Blinkhorn, “Spain, the Spanish Problem and the Spanish Myth,” Journal of Contemporary History 15, 1 (January 1980): 5–11.
Andrés Gallego, La política religiosa, 143. See also José Andrés Gallego, “El separatismo filipino y la opinión española,” Hispania XXXI (1971): 77–102.
See for example, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, “Causas de nuestra incultura,” Electra 5 (1901): 157
Carlos del Río, “De dónde nos viene el fanatismo,” Electra 9 (1901): 266–267.
Pío Quinto, “El jesuita y Jesus,” 1 (1901): 32
José Martínez Ruiz, “Los jesuitas,” Electra 1 (1901): 97.
José Martinez Ruiz, “La religion,” Electra 9 (1901): 257–258.
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© 2009 Enrique A. Sanabria
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Sanabria, E.A. (2009). Spanish Anticlericalism’s Long Decade, 1898–1910. In: Republicanism and Anticlerical Nationalism in Spain. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230620087_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230620087_7
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