Abstract
What role have trade unions and workers played in Ghana’s move toward political liberalization and democratization, in the past and in the recent1990–93 democratic transition? Have unions been important, either through their beliefs and protest behavior or as a consequence of their structural position in civil society? Were economic conditions key factors in the unions’ behavior? Since Ghana’s return to democracy, have the unions become more active on behalf of their interests in civil society and in the political system than under authoritarian rule? Have they helped to consolidate democratic processes?
We cannot be concerned about strengthening democracy inside our union without being concerned about democracy…. The people of Ghana … reserve the historical right to determine how their affairs are run and who governs them…. We must exercise our democratic right to choose our rulers.
L. G. K. Ocloo
General Secretary of the Industrial and Commercial Workers Union 1987
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abidi, J. O. 1991. Interview.
Adu-Amankwah, Kwasi. 1995, 1996, 2004. Interview.
Adu-Amankwah, Kwasi. 1990. The state, trade unions, and democracy in Ghana, 1982–1990. Master’s thesis. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies.
—. 1992. Report on the 4th Quadrennial Congress of the TUC. Unpublished manuscript.
Agyei, Christian, 1993. Interview.
Ahinful-Quansah, J. 1972. Interview
Akwetey, Emannuel O. 1994. Trade unions and democratization: Comparative study of Zambia and Ghana. PhD diss. Stockholm: University of Stockholm, Dept. of Political Science.
Arthiabah, Peter. 1974. The politics of the 2nd Quadrenniel Congress of the Ghana Trade Union Congress. Legon Observer.
Ashiley, E. T. 1972. Interview.
Baiden, Richard. 1978. The Ghana TUC—why leadership and structural changes are necessary and urgent. Mimeograph. Accra, Ghana: Maritime and Dockworkers Union, June 9.
Beckman, Bjorn. 1995. The politics of labor and adjustment: The experience of the Nigeria Labour Congress. In Between liberalization and oppression, ed. T. Mkandawire and A. Olukoshi, 281–323. Dakar, Senegal: Codesira.
Bergen, Geoffrey. 1994. Unions in Senegal. 2 Vols. PhD dissertation. Ann Arbor: UMI Dissertation Information Service.
Bratton, Michael. 1994. Micro democracy? The merger of the farmer unions in Zimbabwe. African Studies Review 37 (April): 9–37.
Bratton, Michael, and Nicholas van de Walle. 1997. Democratic experiments in Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Brimpong, John. 1993. Interview.
Chazan, Naomi. 1988. Ghana: Problems of governance and the emergence of civil society. In Africa. Vol. 2 of Democracy in developing countries, ed. L. Diamond, J. Linz, and S. M. Lipset, 93–139. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Collier, Ruth Berins, and James Mahoney. 1997. Adding collective actors to collective outcomes: Labor and recent democratization in South America and southern Europe. Comparative Politics 29 (April): 285–303.
Correspondent (A). 1986a. Resurrection after Easter. West Africa, April 21, pp. 812–13.
—. 1986b. Protect our rights. West Africa, October 27, p. 2254.
—. 1987a. Current concerns. West Africa, June 29, pp. 1243–44.
—. 1987b. In a fighting mood. West Africa, July 27, pp. 1429–30.
—. 1988. Worker-power ousted. West Africa, December 12, pp. 2326–27.
Crisp, Jeffrey. 1984. The story of an African working class. London: Zed.
Dagadu, E. 1989. Labor under fire. West Africa, June 5, pp. 918–19.
Diamond, Larry. 1988. Introduction: Roots of failure, seeds of hope. In Africa. Vol. 2 of Democracy in developing countries, ed. Larry Diamond, Juan Linz, and S. M. Lipset, 1–32. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Drake, St. Clair, and Leslie A. Lacy. 1966. Government versus the unions: The Sekondi-Takoradi strike, 1961. In Politics in Africa, ed. Gwendolen Carter, 67–118. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World.
Ephson, Ben. 1986a. Paying the price. West Africa, January 26, pp. 78–79.
—. 1986b. Margins for maneuver. West Africa, May 12, pp. 920–21.
—. 1986c. Give and take. West Africa, November 10, 1986, pp. 2347–48.
Eshun, Issac. 1987. Collision course. West Africa, July 13, pp. 1344–45.
Fashoyin, Tayo. 1990. Nigerian labor and the military: Towards exclusion? Labour, Capital and Society 23 (April): 12–37.
Ghana. 1969a. Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the funds of the Trades Union Congress. Accra, Ghana: Government Printer.
Ghana. 1969b. Report of the Committe of Enquiry into the recent disturbances at Prestea. Accra, Ghana: Government Printer.
Ghana. 1971. Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Obuasi disturbances. Accra, Ghana: Government Printer.
Ghana. 1993. Rural communities in Ghana [Ghana Living Standards Survey, 1991/92]. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Statistical Service.
Ghana, Labor Department. Various files. Various dates.
Graham, Yao. 1985. The politics of crisis in Ghana: Class struggle and organization. Review of African Political Economy 34:54–68.
—. 1989. From GTP to Assene: Aspects of industrial working class struggle, 1982–86. In The state, development and politics in Ghana, ed. Emmanuel Hansen and Kwame Ninsin, 43–72. Dakar, Senegal: Codesria.
Gyimah-Boadi, E., and A. Essuman-Johnson. 1993. The PNDC and organised labor: The anatomy of political control. In Ghana under PNDC rule, ed. E. Gyimah-Boadi, 196–210. London: Codesria Books.
Haggard, Stephen, and Robert Kaufman. 1995. The political economy of democratic transitions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Harbeson, John, D. Rothchild, and N. Chazon, eds. 1994. Civil society and the state in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Haynes, Jeffrey. 1991. Railway workers and the PNDC government in Ghana, 1982–1990. Journal of Modern African Studies 29 (1): 137–54.
Herbst, Jeffrey. 1991.Labor in Ghana under structural adjustment: The politics of acquiescence. In Ghana: The political economy of reform, ed. Donald Rothchild, 173–92. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Higley, John, and Richard Gunther. 1992. Elites and democratic consolidation in Latin America and southern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huntington, Samuel. 1991. The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. 1994–2005. Annual survey of violations of trade union rights. Brussels: International Confederation of Free Trade Unions.
Industrial and Commercial Workers Union. 1987. Address by the general secretary, L. G. K. Ocloo, at the 4th Quadrennial Delegates Conference. Mimeograph. March 4. Jeffries, Richard. 1978. Class, power, and ideology in Ghana: The railwaymen of Sekondi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jeffries, Richard, and C. Thomas. 1993. The Ghanaian elections of 1992. African Affairs 92:331–66.
Kraus, Jon. 1979a. Strikes and labor power in Ghana. Development and Change 10 (April): 259–86.
—. 1979b The political economy of industrial relations in Ghana. In Industrial relations in Africa, ed. U. Dimachi, H. Dieter Seibel, and L. Trachtman, 106–68. London: Macmillan.
—. 1988a. The political economy of trade union-state relations in radical and populist regimes in Africa. In Labour and trade unions in Asia and Africa, ed. Roger Southall, 171–210. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
—. 1988b. Political party failures and political responses in Ghana. In When parties fail: Emerging alternative organizations, ed. Kay Lawson and Peter Merkl, 464–99. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
—. 1991. The political economy of stabilization and structural adjustment in Ghana. In Ghana: The political economy of reform, ed. Donald Rothchild, 119–55. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
—. 1995. Trade unions and democratization in Africa. In Africa contemporary record, 1989–90, ed. Marion Doro and Colin Legum, A53–A72. New York: Africana. Kumadey, Patrick. 1973. Interview.
Labor Department, Ghana. various years, 1939–1974. Annual report. Accra: Government Printer.
Labor Department, Ghana. Various files. Various years.
Martin, Matthew. 1991. Negotiating adjustment and external finance: Ghana and the international community, 1982–89. In Ghana: The political economy of recovery, ed. Donald Rothchild, 235–63. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Ninsin, Kwame. 1993. Some problems in Ghana’s transition to democratic governance. Africa Development 18 (2): 5–20.
Oquaye, Mike. 1995. The Ghanaian elections of 1992. African Affairs 94:259–75.
Owusu, K. 1990. Caring and sharing. West Africa, July 23, pp. 2151–53.
Public Agenda [Ghanaian weekly paper]. 1995–97.
Reuschmeyer, D. E., H. Stephens, and J. D. Stephens. 1992. Capitalist development and democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Sackey, W. 1989. Trouble for the ICU. West Africa, March 13, pp. 389–90.
Sandbrook, Richard. 1981. Worker consciousness and populist protest in tropical Africa. In Research in the sociology of work, ed. Richard Simpson and I. H. Simpson, 1:1–36. Greenwich, CT: Jai Press.
Sekondi-Takoradi Workers. 1982. Statement. Mimeograph.
Shin, Doh Chull. 1994. On the third wave of democratization: A synthesis and evaluation of recent theory and research. World Politics 47 (October): 135–70.
Sklar, Richard. 1979. The nature of class domination in Africa. Journal of Modern African Studies 17 (4): 531–52.
Statement on the present state of affairs in the country issued in Kumasi on 12th May 1983 by workers of the undersigned establishments and unions in Kumasi. 1983. Mimeograph.
Trade Union Congress. 1966. Extraordinary [delegates’] congress of the TUC (Ghana): Comprehensive report. Accra, Ghana: Trade Union Congress, mimeograph.
—. 1970. Report on the activities of the TUC to the 3rd Biennial Congress. Winneba, August.
—. 1978. Report on the activities of the TUC to the 2nd Quadrennial Congress. September 1978, Parts 1–2.
—. 1984a. Resolution by the executive board on the appraisal of the economic situation, to chairman of PNDC. TUC/SG/41/27. Mimeograph.
—. 1984b. Economic and research dept. to secretary general. Memorandum. April 6.
—. 1984c. Press statement by the TUC (Ghana) on the recent price increases of some commodities. February 22. Mimeograph.
—. 1985. Position paper of executive board of TUC on national situation, to chairman of the PNDC. TUC/SG/A.41/31. Mimeograph.
—. 1988a. Report on the activities of the TUC to the 3rd Quadrennial Congress of TUC, Cape Coast, 1988. Accra, Ghana: Trade Union Congress.
—. 1988b. Resolutions adopted by the 3rd Quadrennial Delegates Congress. University of Cape Coast, March 16–18.
—. 1992a. Report on the activities of the TUC to the 4th Quadriennial Congress of the TUC. Cape Coast, August.
—. 1992b. Record of the proceedings of the 4th Quadrennial Delegates Congress. August 26–28.
—. 1996a. Report of the executive board of TUC to the 5th Quarrennial Delegates Congress. Cape Coast, August 18–22.
—. 1996b. Policies of the Trade Union Congress adopted at the 5th Quadrennial Congress of TUC. Mimeograph.
—. 2000a. Report to the 6th Quadrennial Congress of TUC. September 12–16.
—. 2000b. Policies of the Trade Union Congress (Ghana) adopted at the 6th Quadrennial Delegates Congress. September 12–16.
Trade Union Congress, and Benjamin Bentum. 1966. Trade unions in chains. Mimeograph. Accra, Ghana: Trade Union Congress.
Trade Union Congress, and DCL/Tema. 1991. Report of the activities of the Tema District Council of Labor for the period August 1985–October 1991. Mimeograph.
Valenzuela, J. Samuel. 1989. Labor movements in transitions to democracy. Comparative Politics 21 (July): 445–71.
Vormawor, Dennis. 1996. Interview. Deputy secretary general, TUC, July, December.
Waterman, Peter. 1983. Aristocrats and plebians in African trade unions: Lagos port and dock worker organisation and struggle. The Hague: Peter Waterman.
West Africa. Weekly (London). Various issues.
Yankey, A. K. 1985, 1991. Interviews. TUC secretary general.
Yeebo, Zayo. 1985. Ghana: Defense committees and the class struggle. Review of African Political Economy 32:64–72.
Yeebo, Zayo. 1991. Ghana: The struggle for popular power. London: New Beacon.
Yinsob, Benjamin. 2004. Interview. Assistant to TUC secretary general.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 2007 Jon Kraus, ed.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kraus, J. (2007). Trade Unions, Democratization, and Economic Crises in Ghana. In: Kraus, J. (eds) Trade Unions and the Coming of Democracy in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230610033_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230610033_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-37021-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-61003-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)