Abstract
Seen from the sweeping perspective of world history, Pan-Asianism was but one of the many products of the intellectual atmosphere of post- and counter-Enlightenment Europe that begot modern nationalism. Rationality and reason, the primary claims of the Enlightenment for a desirable human condition, came to be countered by urgent emotional need for blood, soil, and belonging. An elemental desire to belong to a group was said to be just as important as food, communication, and procreation. The notion of national spirit, which referred to the spiritual and organic basis for unity of a people or a nation, was to be one of the most influential political forces of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Louis L. Snyder, Macro-Nationalisms: A History of the Pan-Movements (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1984), 5.
Douglas R. Howland, Translating the West: Language and Political Reason in Nineteenth-Century Japan (Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2002).
Prasenjit Duara, “The Discourse of Civilization and Pan-Asianism,” Journal of World History 12, no. 1 (2001): 99.
Ibid., 100–108. Also, Prasenjit Duara, Sovereignty and Authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian Modern (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers), 2003, 91–96.
Edward W. Said, Orientalism (New York: Vintage, 1978), 5. This study’s concern is in fact quite different from Said’s in that it seeks to understand the corresponding reality of ideas about Asia from within rather than the internal consistency of Western ideas about Asia from without.
Stefan Tanaka, Japan’s Orient: Rendering Pasts into History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
Rudyard Kipling, “The Ballad of East and West,” in Rudyard Kipling’s Verse: Inclusive Edition, 1885–1932 (New York: Doubleday Doran, 1934), 268.
Yeats to Noguchi, June 27 [1921?], Oxford, in Selected English Writings of Yone Noguchi: An East-West Literary Assimilation, ed. Yoshinobu Hakutani, vol. 2 (London: Associated University Presses, 1992), 14.
Kakuzo Okakura, The Ideals of the East: With Special Reference to the Art of Japan (Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle, 1970), 1.
The address was delivered at Airlie Lodge, Ridgeway Gardens, England, most likely in September 1896. Swami Vivekananda, “Vedanta as a Factor in Civilization,” in The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, vol. 1 (Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, 1977), 385–86.
Asahi Shimbun, August 5, 1893, reprinted in Tsubouchi Takahiko, Okakura Tenshin no Shisō Tanbō: Meisō suru Ajiashugi [Exploration of Okakura Tenshin’s Ideas: Pan-Asianism Going Astray] (Keisō Shobō, 1998), 30–31.
Kakuzo Okakura, The Awakening of Japan (London: John Murray, 1905), 207.
Kakuzo Okakura, The Book of Tea (New York: Dover, 1964), 3.
Gaimusho Gaikō Shiryōkan and Nihon Gaikōshijiten Hensan Iinkai, eds., Nihongaikōshi Jiten [Dictionary of Japanese Diplomacy] (Yamakawa Shuppan, 1992), 628.
See Marius B. Jansen, The Japanese and Sun Yat-sen (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1954).
Aihara Shigeki, “Konoe Atsumaro to Shina Hozenron” [Konoe Atsumaro and the Argument for the Preservation of China] in Kindai Nihon no Ajiakan [Modern Japan’s View of Asia], ed. Okamoto Koji (Minerva, 1998), 71.
Miyazaki Tōten, Sanjūsannen no Yume [My Thirty-three Years’ Dream] (Tokyo: Bungei Shunjū, 1943).
For Bose’s activities in Japan, see Eri Hotta, “Rash Behari Bose and his Japanese Supporters: An Insight into Anti-Colonial Nationalism and Pan-Asianism,” Interventions 8, no. 2 (2006): 116–32.
Gregory Henderson, Korea: The Politics of the Vortex (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968), 67–69.
Kokuryūkai, ed., Tōa Senkaku Shishi Kiden [A Record of Pioneering East Asian Fighters], vol. 1 (Misuzu Shobō, 1974), 10.
Copyright information
© 2007 Eri Hotta
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hotta, E. (2007). Conceptual Roadmap: Tea, China, and Leadership. In: Pan-Asianism and Japan’s War 1931–1945. The Palgrave Macmillan Series in Transnational History. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230609921_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230609921_2
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-37058-0
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-60992-1
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)