Abstract
A rather obvious question in dealing with the creation of a new thing is ‘why?’ In the case of the Victoria Cross the obvious answer is that it was created in recognition of the sacrifices made by the soldiers and sailors of the Crimean War. This is true insofar as the war served as a catalyst for change, but the change could not have occurred without some necessary preconditions. Hegel’s Zeitgeist was in motion; changes had occurred in society, were reflected in politics, and were brought to a head through a combination of Romanticism, pragmatism, and personal ambition.
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Notes
John D. Clarke, Gallantry Medals & Awards of the World, (Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset, UK: Patrick Stephens, 1993), 163–4, 39–41.
Jay Luvaas, The Education of an Army: British Military Thought, 1815–1940 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964), 3.
Hew Strachan, Wellington’s Legacy: The Reform of the British Army, 1830–54 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984), 101. Strachan reports that Napier claimed to be the first officer to mention the deeds of specific enlisted men in an official dispatch.
Edward M. Spiers, The Army and Society, 1815–1914 (London: Longman, 1980), 2–3.
Jonathan Philip Parry, The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993), 168.
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Donald Southgate, The Passing of the Whigs, 1832–1886 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1962), 148;
See Ramsay Skelley, The Victorian Army at Home: The Recruitment Terms and Conditions of the British Regular, 1859–1899 (London: Croom Helm, 1977), 310.
Mary Poovey, Making a Social Body: British Cultural Formation, 1830–1864 (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995), 4, 8.
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Geoffrey Francis Andrew Best, Mid-Victorian Britain, 1861–1875 (New York: Shocken Books, 1972), 230–1.
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Fox Maule, 2nd Baron Panmure, The Panmure Papers (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1908), 149, 194, 267;
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Monica Charlot, Victoria, The Young Queen (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991), 189, 217;
Carolly Erickson, Her Little Majesty: The Life of Queen Victoria (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997), 194; Mullen and Munson, Victoria, 85–6;
James Stokesbury, Navy and Empire (New York: William Morrow, 1983), 240; Sweetman, War and Administration, 11.
Frank Eyck, The Prince Consort: A Political Biography (London: Chatto & Windus, 1959), 232–3; Sweetman, War and Administration, 11, 84, 91–2, 131.
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John Prest, Lord John Russell (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1972), 366.
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Daphne Bennett, King Without a Crown: Albert, Prince Consort of England, 1819–1861 (New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1977), 259. Bennett does not give an exact date for Albert’s inspiration.
Sarah A. Tooley, The Personal Life of Queen Victoria (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1896), 3–4.
Cecil Woodham-Smith, Queen Victoria: From Her Birth to the Death of the Prince Consort (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972), 150.
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© 2008 Melvin Charles Smith
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Smith, M.C. (2008). The Institutionalization of Heroism in Britain. In: Awarded for Valour. Studies in Military and Strategic History. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230583351_3
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