Abstract
Throughout most of the nineteenth century, Cuba, and its capital of Havana in particular, remained simultaneously trapped between the two worlds of colonialism and neocolonialism. Within this arrangement, the island remained a Spanish colony while enduring a neocolonial relationship with the United States. But this reality also placed Cuba between two worlds in another sense: a Hispanic one tied to tradition and hierarchy and an Anglo-American one heralding modernity. The island was also trapped between the contradictory structures of a slave-based system and the demands of agro-industrial capitalism. Nineteenth-century Cuba, thus, was neither Spanish nor North American; it was neither fully capitalist nor fully slave-based; it was neither black nor white.
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Notes
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Martínez-Fernández, L. (2002). The “Male City” of Havana: The Coexisting Logics of Colonialism, Slavery, and Patriarchy in Nineteenth-Century Cuba. In: Hunt, T.L., Lessard, M.R. (eds) Women and the Colonial Gaze. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523418_9
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