Abstract
There is a long tradition of natural history study in Britain (Allen 1976 and this book), with ornithology as one of its components. In Victorian times, much of the interest was manifested by the collection of specimens (as ‘stuffed birds’), equivalent in many ways to today’s ‘twitching’, in which people’s focus is on extending the list of species that they have seen. Enthusiasts began to produce county avifaunas (listed by Ballance 2000, 2002), which largely concentrated on describing the abundance and distribution of species in the county and the seasonal patterns brought about by migration.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen, D.E. (1976) The Naturalist in Britain, London: Allen Lane.
Austin, G.E., Jackson, S.S.F. and Mellan, H.J. (2004) WeBS Alerts 2000/2001: Changes in Numbers of Wintering Waterbirds in the United Kingdom, Its Constituent Countries, Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), BTO Research Report 349, Thetford: BTO.
Baillie, S.R. (2001) ‘The contribution of ringing to the conservation and management of bird population: A review’, Ardea 89: 167–84.
Ballance, D.K. (2000) Birds in Counties, London: Imperial College Press.
Ballance, D.K. (2002) Birds in Counties, First Supplement, Falmouth: Isabelline Books.
Banks, A.N., Coombes, R.H. and Crick, H.Q.P. (2003) The Peregrine Falcon Breeding Population of the UK and Isle of Man in 2002, BTO Research Report 330, Thetford: BTO.
Besbeas, P., Freeman, S.N., and Morgan, B.J.T. and Catchpole, E.A. (2002) ‘Integrating mark-recapture-recovery and census data to estimate animal abundance and demographic parameters’, Biometrics 58, 3: 540–547.
Besbeas, P., Freeman, S.N., Morgan, B.J.T. (2005) ‘The potential of Integrated Population Modelling’, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics 47, 1: 35–48.
Bibby, C.J. (2003) ‘Fifty years of Bird Study’, Bird Study 50: 194–210.
Bland, R.L., Tully, J. and Greenwood, J.J.D. (2004) ‘Birds breeding in British gardens: An underestimated population?’, Bird Study 51: 97–106.
Brooks, S.P., King, R. and Morgan, B.J.T. (2004) ‘A Bayesian approach to combining animal abundance and demographic data’, Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 27, 1: 515–529.
Chamberlain, D.E. and Fuller, R.J. (1999) ‘Density-dependent habitat distribution in birds: Issues of scale, habitat definition and habitat availability’, Journal of Avian Biology 30: 427–36.
Chamberlain, D.E., Wilson, J.D. and Fuller, R.J. (1999) ‘A comparison of bird populations on organic and conventional farm systems in southern Britain’, Biological Conservation 88: 307–20.
Chamberlain, D.E. (2002) ‘Effects of agricultural intensification on birds: Evidence from monitoring data’, Aspects of Applied Biology: Birds in Agriculture 67: 1–10.
Chamberlain, D.E., Fuller, R.J., Bunce, G.H., Duckworth, J.C. and Shrubb, M. (2000) ‘Changes in the abundance of farmland birds in relation to the timing of agricultural intensification in England and Wales’, J. Appl. Ecol. 37: 771–88.
Clark, J.A., Robinson, R.A., Balmer, D.E., Blackburn, J.R., Griffin, B.M., Adams, S.Y., Collier, M.P. and Grantham, M.J. (2003) ‘Bird ringing in Britain and Ireland in 2002’, Ringing & Migration 21: 234–67.
Clarke, W.E. (1912) Studies in Bird Migration, London: Gurney & Jackson.
Crick, H.Q.P. and Sparks, T.H. (1999) ‘Climate change related to egg-laying trends’, Nature 399: 423–4.
Crick, H.Q.P., Baillie, S.R. and Leech, D.I. (2003) ‘The UK Nest Record Scheme: Its value for science and conservation’, Bird Study 50: 254–70.
Fewster, R.M., Buckland, S.T., Siriwardena, G.M., Baillie, S.R. and Wilson J.D. (2000) ‘Analysis of population trends for farmland birds using generalised additive models’, Ecology 81: 1970–84.
Freeman, S.N., Noble, D.G., Newson, S.E. and Baillie, S.R. (2003) Modelling Bird Population Changes using Data from the Common Birds Census and the Breeding Bird Survey, BTO Research Report 303, British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford.
Fuller, R.J. (1982) Bird Habitats in Britain, Calton: T&AD Poyser.
Fuller, R.J. (2000) ‘Relationship between recent changes in lowland British agriculture and farmland bird populations: An overview’, in Aebischer, N.J., Evans, A.D., Grice, P.V. and Vickery, J.A. (eds) Ecology and Conservation of Lowland Farmland Birds, Tring: BTO.
Fuller, R.J., Gregory, R.D., Gibbons, D.W., Marchant, J.H., Wilson, J.D., Baillie, S.R. and Carter, S. (1995) ‘Population declines and range contractions among lowland farmland birds in Britain’, Conservation Biology, 1425–1441.
Furness, R.W., Greenwood, J.J.D. and Jarvis, P.J. (1993) ‘Can birds be used to monitor the environment?’, in Furness, R.W. and Greenwood, J.J.D. (eds) Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change, London: Chapman and Hall.
Gaston, K.J. and Blackburn, T.M. (2000) Pattern and Process in Macroecology, Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Gibbons, D.W., Reid, J.B. and Chapman, R.A. (1993) The New Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland: 1988–1991, London: Poyser.
Greenwood, J.J.D. and Baillie, S.R. (1991) ‘Effects of density-dependence and weather on population changes of English passerines using a non-experimental paradigm’, Ibis 133: 121–33.
Greenwood, J.J.D. (2000) ‘How BTO’s monitoring of birds contributes to conservation’, Schriftenreihe für Landschaftspflege und Naturschutz 62: 105–17.
Greenwood, J.J.D and Carter, N. (2003) ‘Organisation eines nationalen Vogelmonitorings durch den British Trust for Ornithology — Erfahrungs-bericht aus Groβbritannien. (Organising a national bird monitoring by the BTO — Experiences from Britain)’, Berichte des Landesamtes für umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt. Sonderheft 1/2003: 14–26.
Greenwood, J.J.D. (2003a) ‘Max Nicholson — the founder of the BTO’, BTO News 247: 6.
Greenwood, J.J.D. (2003b) ‘The monitoring of British breeding birds: A success story for conservation science?’, The Science of the Total Environment 310: 221–30.
Gregory, R.D., Wilkinson N.I., Noble. D.G., Robinson, J.A., Brown, A.F., Hughes, J., Proctor, D.A., Gibbons, D.W. and Galbraith, C.A. (2002) ‘The population status of birds in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man: An analysis of conservation concern 2002–2007’, British Birds 95: 410–50.
Henderson, I.G., Cooper, J., Fuller, R.J. and Vickery, J.A. (2000a) ‘The relative abundance of birds on set-aside and neighbouring fields in summer’, J. Appl. Ecol. 37: 335–47.
Henderson, I.G., Vickery, J.A. and Fuller, R.J. (2000b) ‘Summer bird abundance and distribution on set-aside fields on intensive arable farms in England’, Ecography 23: 50–59.
Hickling, Ronald (ed.) (1983) Enjoying Ornithology: A Celebration of Fifty Years of the British Trust for Ornithology 1933–1983, Calton: T&AD Poyser.
Lack, P.C. (1986) The Atlas of Wintering Birds in Britain and Ireland, Calton: T&AD Poyser.
Main, I.G. (2002) ‘Seasonal movements of Fennoscandian Blackbirds Turdus merula’, Ringing & Migration 21: 65–74.
Marchant, J.H., Freeman, S.N., Crick, H.Q.P. and Beaven, L.P. (2004) ‘The BTO Heronries Census of England and Wales 1928–2000: New indices and a comparison of analytical methods’, Ibis 146: 323–34.
Marchant, J.H., Hudson, R., Carter, S.P. and Whittington, P. (1990) Population Trends in British Breeding Birds, Tring: BTO.
Medawar, P. (1963) ‘Hypothesis and imagination’, Times Literary Supplement 25 October 1963 (reprinted in expanded form in Medawar, P. (1967) The Art of the Soluble, London: Methuen).
More, A.G. (1865) ‘On the distribution of birds in Great Britain during the nesting season’, Ibis, New Series, 1: 1–27, 119–42, 425–58.
Noble, D.G., Newson, S.E. and Joys, A.C. (2004) Investigation of Methods for Producing Joint CBC-BBS Trends, BTO Research Report 377, British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford.
Paradis, E., Baillie, S.R., Sutherland, W.J. and Gregory, R.D. (1999) ‘Dispersal and spatial scale affect synchrony in spatial population dynamics’, Ecology Letters 2: 114–20.
Pashby, B.S. (1985) John Cordeaux, Ornithologist, Spurn Bird Observatory, n. p.
Peach, W.J., Buckland, S.T. and Baillie, S.R. (1996) ‘The use of constant effort mist-netting to measure between-year changes in the abundance and productivity of common passerines’, Bird Study 43: 142–56.
Peach, W.J., Baillie, S.R. and Balmer, D. (1998) ‘Long-term changes in the abundance of passerines in Britain and Ireland as measured by constant effort mist-netting’, Bird Study 45: 257–75.
Sharrock, J.T.R. (1976) The Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland, Berkhamsted: Poyser.
Siriwardena, G.M., Baillie, S.R., Crick, H.Q.P., Wilson, J.D. and Gates, S. (2000) ‘The demography of lowland farmland birds’, in Aebischer, N.J., Evans, A.D., Grice, P.V. and Vickery, J.A. (eds) Ecology and Conservation of Lowland Farmland Birds, Tring: British Ornithologists’ Union.
Siriwardena, G.M. and Robinson, R.A. (2002) ‘Farmland birds: Demography and abundance’, Aspects of Applied Biology: Birds and Agriculture 67: 179–88.
Vickery, J.A., Bradbury, R.B., Henderson, I.G., Eaton, M.A. and Grice, P.V. (2004) ‘The role of agri-evironment schemes and farm management practices in reversing the decline of farmland birds in England’, Biological Conservation 119: 19–39.
Wallace D.I.M. (2004) Beguiled by Birds, Christopher Helm: London.
Walters, M. (2003) A Concise History of Ornithology, London: A&C Black.
Wernham, C., Toms, M., Marchant, J., Clark, J., Siriwardena, G. and Baillie, S. (2002) The Migration Atlas: Movements of the Birds of Britain and Ireland, London: T&AD Poyser.
Witherby, H.F. and Pycraft, W.P. (1907) Editorial, British Birds 1: 1–3.
Wood, J.D. (2003) Horace Alexander: 1889 to 1989. Birds and Binoculars, York: William Sessions Ltd.
Copyright information
© 2005 Jeremy J.D. Greenwood
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Greenwood, J.J.D. (2005). Science With a Team of Thousands: The British Trust for Ornithology. In: Participating in the Knowledge Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523043_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523043_11
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-51996-5
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-52304-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social & Cultural Studies CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)