Abstract
When the publisher Charles Kegan Paul referred to Thomas Hardy, in the British Quarterly Review of 1881, as one ‘sprung of a race of labouring men’, the novelist corrected him with a touchy punctiliousness:
my father is one of the last of the old ‘master-masons’ left… From time immemorial ․ I can speak from certain knowledge of four generations — my direct ancestors have all been master masons, with a set of journey-men masons under them: though they have never risen above this level, they have never sunk below it — i.e. they have never been journeymen themselves.1
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Notes
Longman’s Magazine, July 1883; reprinted in Thomas Hardy’s Personal Writings, ed. H. Orel (London, 1967), pp. 168–89.
Arnold Kettle, An Introduction to the English Novel, 2 vols (1953; London, 1969), 2, p. 45.
Robert Gittings, Young Thomas Hardy (Harmondsworth, 1978), pp. 18, 23.
See Pierre Bourdieu, The Field of Cultural Production (Cambridge, 1993).
John Goode, Thomas Hardy: The Offensive Truth (Oxford, 1988), p. 63.
Subsequent references given in the text. Much of the critique presented in this group of studies was indebted to the pioneering study by George Wotton, Thomas Hardy: Towards a Materialist Criticism (Dublin, 1985).
Joe Fisher, The Hidden Hardy (London, 1992), p. 4. Subsequent references given in parentheses in the text.
Peter Widdowson, Hardy in History (London, 1989), p. 130. Subsequent references given in parentheses in the text.
Patricia Ingham, The Language of Gender and Class (London, 1996), p. 26. Subsequent references given in parentheses in the text.
Merryn Williams, Thomas Hardy and Rural England (London, 1972), p. 176.
K. D. M. Snell, Annals of the Labouring Poor (Cambridge, 1987), pp. 374, 387.
Roger Ebbatson, Hardy: The Margin of the Unexpressed (Sheffield, 1993), pp. 131, 148.
Thomas Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge, ed. Phillip Mallett (New York, 2001), p. 89. Subsequent parenthetical reference by chapter and page is to this edition.
Walter Benjamin, The Arcades Project, trans. H. Eiland and K. McLaughlin (Cambridge, MA, 1999), p. 496.
Karl Marx, Grundrisse, ed. M. Nicolaus (Harmondsworth, 1973), p. 100.
Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. 1, trans. B. Fowkes (Harmondsworth, 1976), p. 202.
From Max Weber, ed. C. W. Mills (London, 1970), p. 217.
Max Weber, General Economic History (New York, 1966), p. 265.
Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Rise of Capitalism (London, 1970), p. 68.
Max Weber, Economy and Society, Vol. 2, ed. G. Roth and C. Wittich (Berkeley, 1978), p. 1112.
Cited in Karl Lowith, Max Weber and Karl Marx (London, 1993), p. 74.
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Ebbatson, R. (2004). hardy and class. In: Mallett, P. (eds) Palgrave Advances in Thomas Hardy Studies. Palgrave Advances. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230519930_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230519930_6
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