Abstract
As it enters the new millennium, the size, composition and outlook of the Royal Navy promises to be considerably different from the one which existed a mere decade ago. If the Navy is successful in getting its case accepted within the Ministry of Defence (MoD), we could, once again, see a Royal Navy containing relatively large aircraft carriers earmarked for the projection of British military power overseas,2 supported by a brigade level amphibious assault capability and nuclear-powered attack submarines equipped with conventionally armed land-attack cruise missiles (TLAM).3 What this would amount to is a return to a far more traditional defence policy than we have seen over the last fifty years with a maritime rather than continental emphasis.4 Incorporated within this would be a defence policy that utilizes available technology to project power from the sea to a far greater distance and far more accurately than has previouslybeen possible.
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Notes
See Martin Edmonds (ed.), ‘British Naval Aviation in the 21st Century’, Bailrigg Memorandum 25 (Lancaster: Centre for Defence and International Security Studies, 1997).
Christopher Bellamy, ‘Gunboat Diplomacy for the 21st Century’, Independent, 24 July 1997, p. 19.
It is interesting to note the inaugural conference at the new Joint Services Command and staff College in June 1997 was entitled `Jointery in an Expeditionary Era’. See Andrew Dorman, ‘Western Europe and Military Intervention’, in Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War World: From Gunboat Diplomacy to Humanitarian Intervention, eds Andrew Dorman and Thomas Otte (Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing, 1995), pp. 114–17.
Christopher Bellamy, op. cit., p. 19.
Douglas Hurd, ‘Foreign Policy and International Security’, RUSI Journal, vol. 138, no. 2, Apri11993, pp. 1–6.
For an indication of current deployment levels see Tim Butcher, ‘Duty Comes First for Forces at Christmas’, Daily Telegraph, 26 December 1997, p. 6.
House of Commons Defence Committee, Seventh Report — Statement on the Defence Estimates, 1996, HC. 215, Session 1995–96 (London: HMSO, 1996), pp. xxi—xxii; Bruce George and Nick Ryan, ‘Options for Change: A Political Critique’, Brassey’s Defence Yearbook, 1993, ed. Centre for Defence Studies (London: Brassey’s, 1993), p. 44.
Stuart Croft and Phil Williams, ‘The United Kingdom’, in Regina Cowen Karp (ed.), Security with Nuclear Weapons? Different Perspectives on National Security (Oxford: Oxford University Press for SIPRI, 1991), p. 147.
See Thomas G. Otte, ‘Military Intervention: Conclusions and Reflections’, in Military Intervention in the Post-Cold War World, op. cit., pp. 193–209; Colin S. Gray, The Navy in the Post-Cold War World (University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University, 1994); Eric Grove, The Future of Sea Power (London: Routledge, 1990).
Statement on the Defence Estimates, 1996, op. cit., p. 3; Douglas Hurd, ‘Foreign Policy and International Security’, op. cit., pp. 1–6.
For a fuller explanation of this argument see John Roberts, ‘Oil, the Military and the Gulf War of 1981’, RUSI Journal, vol. 136, no. 1, Spring 1991, pp. 11–16.
Dilip Hiro, Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War (London: Harper Collins, 1992).
Michael Evans and Michael Theodoulou, ‘British Carrier to Aid US Against Saddam’, The Times, 17 January 1998, p. 17.
In bold in original. House of Commons Defence Committee, Fourth Report — United Kingdom Peacekeeping and Intervention Forces: Report together with the Proceedings of the Committee Relating to the Report, Minutes of Evidence and Memoranda, HC. 188, Session 1992–93 (London, HMSO, 1993), p. xxvi.
Douglas Hurd, op. cit., pp. 1–6.
George Robertson, Speech to the Labour Party Conference, 1997.
Joris Janssen Lok, ‘New Challenges Force Change on Royal Navy’, Jane’s Defence Weekly, 3 September 1997, p. 41.
Scott C. Truver, ‘Budget Squeeze Blurs the Long-Range Vision’, Jane’s Navy International, vol. 101, no. 5, June 1996, pp. 28–39; The Future of Seapower’, Jane’s Navy International, January/February 1996, pp. 22–32; Richard Scott, ‘Which Course will Russia’s Navy Steer’, Jane’s Navy International, October 1996, pp. 18–21.
Sam Bateman, ‘Sea Change in Asia-Pacific’, Jane’s Navy International, October 1996, pp. 24–35; Richard Scott and Kathleen Bunten, ‘Stretching to Keep a Global Reach’, Jane’s Navy International, March 1997, pp. 34–49; Richard Scott and Mike Wells, ‘Flexing Joint Muscle: Mixed Air Groups Aboard Carriers’, Jane’s Navy International, December 1997, pp. 14–22.
Colin McInnes, Trident: The Only Option? (London: Brassey’s, 1986); Robert H. Paterson, Britain’s Strategic Nuclear Deterrent From before the V-Bomberto Beyond Trident (London: Frank Cass,1997), chapter 4.
See Norman Friedman, The US Maritime Strategy (London: Jane’s, 1988).
David White, ‘Strategy Outlined for Blitz on Defence Costs’, Financial Times, 6 July 1993; Christopher Bellamy and Colin Brown, ‘Rifkind Squeezes Budget as Peace Dividend Falls Short’, Independent, 8 July 1994, p. 2.
Bruce George and Nick Ryan, ‘Options for Change: a Political Critique’, Brassey’s Defence Yearbook, 1993, ed. Centre for Defence Studies (London: Brassey’s, 1993), p. 44.
For an elaboration of this argument see Keith Hartley, ‘Jointery: Just Another Panacea? An Economist’s View’, in A. Dorman, M. Smith and M. Uttley (eds), Defense Analysis Special Edition, vol. 14, no. 1, April 1998.
Eric Grove, Vanguard to Trident: British Naval Policy since World War II (London: The Bodley Head, 1987), p. 212.
Bernhard Gray, ‘Forces Dig in to Debate their Role in the World’, Financial Times, 10 March 1997, p. 7.
Michael Evans and Michael Theodoulou, ‘British Carrier to Aid US Against Saddam’, Times,17 January 1998, p. 17.
Bernhard Gray, ‘Forces Dig in to Debate their Role in the World’, op. cit., P. 7.
Joris Janssen Lok, ‘New Challenges Force Change on Royal Navy, Jane’s Defence Weekly, 3 September 1997, p. 42.
David Brown, The Royal Navy and the Falklands War: The Epic, True Story (London: Arrow, 1989), p. 358.
Anton Hanney, ‘Sizing-up the Next Carriers’, Navy News, October 1997, p. 2; ‘UK Navy SAMs to Make Way for More Aircraft’, Jane’s Defence Weekly,17 September 1997, p. 5.
Anton Hanney, ‘Sizing-up the Next Carriers’, op. cit., p. 1.
Rear-Admiral Richard T. R. Philips, `Naval Aviation in a Changed Strategic Environment’ in ‘British Naval Aviation in the 21st Century’, op. cit., p. 17.
Martin Edmonds, ‘Navy Procurement, Industrial Strategy and the Future Carrier’, in ‘British Naval Aviation in the 21st Century’, op. cit., p. 51.
Rear-Admiral Richard T. R. Philips, ‘Naval Aviation in a Changed Strategic Environment’, op. cit., p. 19.
Martin Edmonds, ‘Navy Procurement, Industrial Strategy and the Future Carrier’, op. cit., p. 29.
Richard Scott and Nick Cook, ‘UK Air, Naval Forces Sign on Joint Future Aircraft’, Jane’s Defence Weekly, 7 January 1998, p. 3.
Rear-Admiral Richard T. R. Philips, ‘Naval Aviation in a Changed Strategic Environment’, op. cit., p. 17.
Vincent Grimes, Richard Scott and Mike Wells, ‘Amphibious Advancement’, Jane’s Navy Intemational, September 1998, p. 28.
Andrew Pierce, Worn-out Warships Must Limp On to 2002’, Times, 15 August 1997, p. 4.
‘Amphibious Advancement’, op. cit., p. 28.
Richard Scott, ‘Alternative LSLs Put Paid to SLEP’, Jane’s Navy International, December 1997,p. 4.
IISS, The Military Balance, 1989–90 (London, IISS, 1989), p. 79.
Joris Janssen Lok, ‘New Challenges Force Change on Royal Navy’, op. cit.
David Brown, The Royal Navy and the Falklands War, op. cit., p. 360.
Joris Janssen Lok, ‘New Challenges Force Change on Royal Navy’, op. cit., p. 42.
Tim Butcher, ‘Royal Navy Proves It Is Still a World Force’, Daily Telegraph, 20 March 1997, p. 13.
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© 1999 Andrew Dorman
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Dorman, A.M. (1999). ‘Back to the Future’: the Royal Navy in the Twenty-First Century. In: Dorman, A., Smith, M.L., Uttley, M.R.H. (eds) The Changing Face of Maritime Power. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230509610_13
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