Skip to main content

Towards Desegregating Syllabuses: Teaching American Literary Realism and Racial Uplift Fiction

  • Chapter
Teaching Literature
  • 99 Accesses

Abstract

Despite recent critical re-evaluations of American literary realism placing ‘race’ at the center of realist projects at the turn of the century, current institutional guides to teaching this field tend to reproduce the historical segregation of genre by race. The provocative notion that race in addition to - and, at times, in lieu of - literary form constitutes a generic feature is first and most forcefully advanced during the era of Jim Crow in the US; analyzing the critical legacy of this incorporation of ‘race’ (understood variably at the time as essentialist and/ or experiential) as an aesthetic component carries wide political implications for the teaching not only of American and African-American Studies, but also postcolonial, diasporic and circum-Atlantic literatures.

‘We must write these realities.’

Ida B. Wells-Barnett, A Red Record (1895)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Works cited

  • Agamben, Giorgio. Infancy and History: Essays on the Destruction of Experience, trans. Liz Heron (London: Verso, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Awkward, Michael. ‘Negotiations of Power: White Critics, Black Texts, and the Self-Referential Impulse’, American Literary History 2 (1989): 121–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banta, Martha. Taylored Lives: Narrative Productions in the Age of Taylor, Vehlen, and Ford (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, Houston A., Jr. Modernism and the Harlem Renaissance (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baraka, Amiri. ‘Revolutionary Theatre’ (1969) in Norton Anthology of African American Literature, general editors Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Nellie Y. McKay (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1997), pp. 1899–901.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baym, Nina. (ed.). The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Vol. Two, 5th edn (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, Nancy. The Ethnography of Manners: Hawthorne, James, Wharton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bercovitch, Sacran (ed.). Reconstructing American Literary History, Harvard English Studies 13 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaum, Michele. ‘Alien Hands: Chopin and the Colonization of Race,’ American Literature 66 (June 1994): 301–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budd, Louis J. Toward a New American Literary History: Essays in Honor of Arlin Turner (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clifford, James. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Elam, Harry J., Jr. ‘The Dialectics of August Wilson’s Piano Lesson,’ Theatre Journal 52 (October 2000): 361–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellison, Ralph. ‘Twentieth-Century Fiction and the Black Mask of Humanity,’ in Within the Circle: an Anthology of African American Criticism from the Harlem Renaissance to the Present, edited by Angelyn Mitchell (Durham: Duke University Press, 1994) (originally published in 1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, Michel. ‘Nietzsche, Geneaology, History,’ in Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews, edited by Donald F. Bouchard. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980), pp. 139–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friere, Paulo. Cultural Action for Freedom (Baltimore: Penguin, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaines, Kevin K. Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • hooks, bell. Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom (New York: Routledge, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Howells, William Dean. Review of Paul Laurence Dunbar’s Majors and Minors, ‘Life and Letters,’ Harper’s Weekly (27 June 1896); W.D. Howells, ‘Introduction,’ Paul Laurence Dunbar, Lyrics of the Lowly (December 1896); W.D. Howells, Review of Charles Chesnutt’s fiction, ‘A Psychological Counter-Current in Fiction,’ North American Review 173 (December 1901): 882.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, George. The Harlem Renaissance in Black and White (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • James, Henry. ‘The Real Thing,’ Black and White (April 16, 1892); reprinted in The Real Thing and Other Tales (1893); reprinted in vol. 18 (1901) of the New York Edition.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, Amy. The Social Construction of American Realism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lauter, Paul (ed.). The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Vol. Two, 2nd edn (Lexington: D.C. Heath and Co., 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lauter, Paul ‘The Literatures of America: a Comparative Discipline’ in A. La Vonne Brown and Jerry W. Ward (eds). Redefining American Literary History (New York: MLA, 1990), pp. 12–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lauter, Paul (ed.). Reconstructing American Literature: Courses, Syllabi, History, (New York: Feminist Press, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, Deborah E. ‘Boundaries: Or Distant Relations and Close Kin’, in Houston A. Bakes Jr. and Patricia Redmond (eds), Afro-American Literary Study in the 1990s. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), pp. 55–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaels, Walter Benn. Our America: Nativism, Modernism, and Pluralism (Durham: Duke University Press, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, Toni. ‘Unspeakable Things Unspoken: the Afro-American Presence in American Literature,’ Michigan Quarterly Review 28 (1989): 13–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadel, Alan. ‘Introduction,’ in May All Your Fences Have Gates: Essays on the Drama of August Wilson (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, Richard J. ‘Re/Birth of a Nation,’ in Richard J. Powell et al. (eds). Rhapsodies in Black: Art of The Harlem Renaissance (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), pp. 16–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quirk, Tom and Gary Scharnhorst. American Realism and the Canon (New York: University of Delaware Press, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shor, Ira. ‘Interferences to Critical Thought: Consciousness in School and Daily Life,’ in Critical Teaching and Everyday Life (Boston: South End Press, 1980), pp. 48–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spillers, Hortense. ‘A Hateful Passion, A Lost Love,’ Feminist Studies 9 (1983): 295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Showalter, Elaine. ‘A Criticism of Our Own’ in Ralph Cohen (ed.). The Future of Literary Theory (New York: Routledge, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tate, Claudia. Domestic Allegories of Political Desire: the Black Heroine’s Text at the Turn of the Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, Kenneth W. Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).

    Google Scholar 

  • Washington, Booker T. Up From Slavery (serialized in ‘The Outlook’ in 1900; first published in book form in 1900) (New York: Carol Publishing, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wonham, Henry B. (ed.). Criticism on the Color Line: Desegregating American Literary Studies (New York: Routledge, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Tanya Agathocleous Ann C. Dean

Copyright information

© 2003 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Birnbaum, M. (2003). Towards Desegregating Syllabuses: Teaching American Literary Realism and Racial Uplift Fiction. In: Agathocleous, T., Dean, A.C. (eds) Teaching Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230507906_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics