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Travels and Retreats

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The Cavaliers in Exile 1640–1660

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Abstract

Having made the decision to ‘fly from their native country as from a place infected with the plague’, and having either resisted the temptation to return to England after the disasters of the second Civil War and Worcester or having no alternative but to stay abroad, those Cavaliers who remained in exile were confronted with two closely connected problems. They had to decide both where to live and how to live until their fortunes, or the fortunes of the royal cause, improved. The exiles’ movements — the reasons why they chose to settle in particular towns or regions, or decided to move from one place to another, or even in some cases declined to stay put anywhere but engaged instead in restless wandering — were determined by a number of important considerations. They had to take into account the possibility of obtaining a place either in the reduced court of Charles II, or in the household of one of the other members of the Stuart family. They also had to assess the importance of proximity to England and the ability to communicate with the family or friends, preferably ones with money, they had left behind. The comparative cost of living and the attitude of potential creditors, in particular landlords, in different towns and regions had also to be considered.

Mirth makes them not mad, Nor sobriety sad; But of that they are seldom in danger; At Paris, at Rome, At the Hague, they’re at home; The good fellow is nowhere a stranger.

(Sir John Denham, from On Mr Thomas Killigrew’s return from Venice)1

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Notes

  1. The Poetical Works of Edmund Waller and Sir John Denham, ed. G. Gilfillan, (Edinburgh, 1857), p. 247.

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  2. From a government newspaper, December 1651, quoted in E. Scott, The King in Exile, p. 438.

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  3. BL. Egerton MS 2534, fols. 117, 119, 127; C1SP, iii, 65; NP, i, 156, 277, 283, 285.

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  43. Chaney, The Grand Tour and the Great Rebellion, passim; Stoye, English Travellers Abroad, pp. 118, 134, 136.

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  50. CSPD 1650, pp. 159, 517; 1651, 203, 527; CCC, ii, 1192; iii, 1831. For Mayney and Stamford see Newman, Royalist Officers,j’icers, pp. 250–1, 354.

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  55. For Culpepper’s mission to Moscow and Crofts’s to Poland see CCISP, ii, 71, 124; NP, i, 182–5; Poetical Works of Waller and Denham, pp. 203, 244–6, (Denham’s account of his ‘journey into Poland’ with Crofts); Clarendon, Rebellion, xv, 131.

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  56. For Killigrew’s travels see BL. Add. MS 20032; TSP, ii, 602; vii, 27; CCISP, ii, 143; Chaney, Grand Tour and Great Rebellion, pp. 280–1; DNB.

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© 2003 Geoffrey Smith

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Smith, G. (2003). Travels and Retreats. In: The Cavaliers in Exile 1640–1660. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230505476_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230505476_7

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-349-51071-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-230-50547-6

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