Abstract
Pakistan’s relations with the United States occupy an important place in Pakistan’s foreign policy. The two states have generally maintained a favourable disposition towards each other but their interaction has not always progressed smoothly. It is a complex relationship because despite a convergence of interests and goals, as was the case in the fifties and the eighties, they diverge on several policy issues which produces ups and downs in their relations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, ‘American Policy in South Asia: Interests and Objectives’, in Stephen P. Cohen (ed.), The Security of South Asia: American and Asian Perspectives (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987), pp. 119–33.
Leo E. Rose, ‘The Superpowers in South Asia: A Geostrategic Analysis’, Orbis (22, 2, Summer 1978), pp. 395–413.
Arshad Zaman, ‘Economic Relations between Pakistan and the United States: Aid, Trade and North South Issues’, in Leo E. Rose & Noor A. Husain (eds), United States-Pakistan Relations (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1985), pp. 56–59 (see table 2 on p. 60).
For details, see Mehrunnisa Ali, ‘Pakistan and the United States’, Pakistan Horizon (XXVII, 1, 1974), pp. 71–5; and ‘Pakistan-United States Relations: The Next Phase’, ibid., (XXXI, 2& 3, 1978), pp. 32–56.
See Bhutto’s statement: Pakistan Times, 20 December 1971.
Nixon’s remarks while welcoming Bhutto to the White House. Pakistan Times, 19 September 1973.
The joint communiqué issued at the conclusion of Bhutto’s visit to the United States in February 1975. For text, see Pakistan Horizon (XXVIII, 1, 1975), pp. 167–8; see Ford’s statement: Dawn, 7 February 1975; see also Ford’s message to Bhutto when the former assumed Presidency: ibid., 11 August 1974.
Kissinger’s address to the CENTO Ministerial Council: Pakistan Times, 24 May 1975.
Bhutto said in September 1974 that if the United States persisted in refusing to supply weapons to Pakistan, his government would consider withdrawing from CENTO: Nawa-i-Waqt, 14 September 1974.
Bhutto’s statement: Dawn, 7 February 1975.
See the text of the US statement announcing the withdrawal of the arms embargo: Pakistan Times, 26 February 1975; see also a statement of Joseph Sisco, US Under Secretary of State: Dawn, 24 February 1975.
See the statement of T. N. Kaul, India’s ambassador to the United States: Asian Recorder, 9–15 April 1975, p. 12534.
See Kissinger’s statement: Dawn, 27 February 1975.
Bhutto’s letter to Indira Gandhi: ibid., 29 April 1975.
Bhutto accused the United States of financing opposition agitation. Washington Post, 21 May 1977; New York Times, 3 June 1977; Kausar Niazi, Aur Line Cut Gai (Urdu) (Lahore: Jang Publications, 1989), p. 69.
See the US ambassador to Pakistan, Arthur W. Hummel’s speech in December 1978: Pakistan Horizon (XXXII, 1 & 2, 1979), pp. 326–9 (see p. 329); see also the statement of the spokesman of Pakistan’s Foreign Office: ibid., (XXXI, 2 & 3, 1978), p. 167. Food and economic assistance in the pipeline was not affected by this decision.
See Agha Shahi, Pakistan’s Relations with the United States’, in Hafeez Malik (ed.), Soviet-American Relations with Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan (London: Macmillan Press, 1987), p. 167.
See the press release of the United States embassy at Islamabad: Pakistan Horizon (XXXII, 1 & 2, 1979), p. 168.
Zbigniew Brzezinski, Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Adviser, 1977–81 (New York: Farrar-Straus-Giroux, 1983), p. 133.
For details of these measures, see Zalmay Khalilzad, ‘The United States and the War in Afghanistan’, in Rose and Husain, op. cit., 1985, pp. 174–95.
Shirin Tahir-Kheli, The United States and Pakistan: The Evolution of an Influence Relationship (New York: Praeger, 1982), p. 103.
See Zia-ul-Haq’s statement: New York Times, 18 January 1980; see also ibid., 13 January & 16 July 1980.
See the statement of the US Secretary of State, Alexander Haig: Muslim, 21 March 1981; see also New York Times, 5 March 1981; Muslim, 24 October 1981; Reagan’s comments in a press conference in Washington: Nawa-i-Waqt, 19 June 1981; Mushahid Hussain, ‘Pakistan-American Relations’, Muslim, 28 & 29 April 1981.
See Agha Shahi’s statements and the summary of the Pakistan-US joint statement: Muslim, 3 & 4 May 1981, 16 June 1981, 1 July 1981; Nawa-i-Waqt, 22 June 1981.
For details, see the two articles on the aid relationship by Herbert G. Hagerty and Arshad Zaman in Noor A. Husain and Leo E. Rose (eds), Pakistan-US Relations (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1988), pp. 237–65.
Ibid., p. 254.
Facts on File, 18 September 1981, p. 668; see also ibid., 19 June 1981, p. 410.
Lawrence Lifschultz, ‘The US-Pakistan Strategic Relationship’, Muslim, 30 October 1986; Far Eastern Economic Review, 18 December 1985, pp. 24–5; see also Muslim, 6 November 1986.
Pakistan’s Foreign Office maintained that there was nothing unusual in the visit of Enterprise because the ships of friendly countries often visited Pakistani ports. Ibid., 21 March 1986.
The statement of Pakistan’s Foreign Minister on an Adjournment Motion in the Senate: Muslim, 4 August 1987.
Muslim, 25 March 1986; Arshad Zaman, ‘The New Multi-year Aid Program: The Pakistani View’, in Husain and Rose, op. cit., 1988, p. 254.
See Zia-ul-Haq’s interview to an Indian correspondent: Nawa-i-Waqt, 19 February 1984; Agha Shahi’s statement: Muslim, 3 May 1981; Agha Shahi, ‘US Aid Package and Issue of Quid-pro-quo’, Dawn, 10 December 1985; by the same author, Pakistan’s Security and Foreign Policy (Lahore: Progressive Publishers, 1988), pp. 217–19, 231–4.
The statement of Howard Schaffer, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Sub-committee on South Asia: Dawn Overseas Weekly, 16–22 March 1989; Thomas P. Thornton, ‘The New Phase in U.S.-Pakistan Relations’, Foreign Affairs (68, 3, Summer 1989), pp. 142–59.
The statement of General Mirza Aslam Beg, Chief of Army Staff: Nation, 26 August 1988.
The statement of Mrs Teresita Schaffer, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs: Department of State Bulletin (89, 2151, October 1989), pp. 85–6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1993 Hasan-Askari Rizvi
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rizvi, HA. (1993). The United States. In: Pakistan and the Geostrategic Environment. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230379848_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230379848_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-39066-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-37984-8
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)