Abstract
There would seem to be little similarity between the lives, work and education of nineteenth-century working-class girls and women and their late twentieth-century counterparts. The patriarchal ideological climate which located women in the home as their natural sphere and educated them accordingly has been replaced by one where gender equality is taken as axiomatic. British women now have equal rights in employment, in education and in marriage that are enshrined in law and public consciousness. Viewed from a liberal feminist perspective such developments are part of a cumulative process of progression whereby gender inequalities gradually are being eliminated. Women fought and won battles for the vote, for education and for access to positions of influence, and seized the advantages offered by expanding work opportunities to gain some degree of economic independence. Those following after have built on these advances to open up further opportunities for others — and so the process will continue.1 If gender equality has not yet been achieved, we are well on the way towards its achievement.
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Notes
Arnot, M., ‘Male Hegemony, Social Class, and Women’s Education’, Boston, 1982, reprinted in Stone, L. (ed.), The Education Feminism Reader, London and New York, 1994, p. 97.
Bradley, H., Men’s Work, Women’s Work, Cambridge, 1989, 231.
Liddington, J., and Norris, J., One Hand Tied Behind Us: the rise of the women’s suffrage movement, London, 1978;
Liddington, J., The Life and Times of a Respectable Rebel: Selina Cooper 1864–1946, London, 1984.
Dyhouse, C., Feminism and the Family in England 1880–1939, Oxford, 1989;
Banks, O., Faces of Feminism: a study of feminism as a social movement, Oxford, 1981.
Walby, op. cit., pp. 50–1, 192; Walby, S., Patriarchy at Work, Cambridge 1986, pp. 157–8, 171–4
Purvis, J., A History of Women’s Education in England, Milton Keynes, 1991, p. 126.
Douglas, J. W., The Home and the School, London, 1964.
See also MacDonald, M., ‘Schooling and the Reproduction of Class and Gender Relations’, in Dale et al. (eds.), Education and the State Vol. II: Politics, Patriarchy and Practice, p. 169. Anonymous, Extract from an Account of the Ladies Committee for Promoting the Education and Employment of the Female Poor, Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor, 1804.
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© 1997 Meg Gomersall
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Gomersall, M. (1997). From the Past to the Present. In: Working-class Girls in Nineteenth-century England. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375376_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375376_9
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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