Abstract
In the 1670s, it became evident that Charles II would not have legitimate issue. The heir-presumptive was his brother James, Duke of York, whose Catholic sympathies were unconcealed. This fact caused considerable apprehension in some quarters and played a substantial part in the appearance of the Whig and Tory Parties. But when Charles died in February 1684/5, his brother became James II of England and VII of Scotland without immediate difficulties.
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Notes
See Edward Hughes, Studies in Administration and Finance 1558–1825 (Manchester 1934);
Henry Roseveare, The Financial Revolution 1660–1760 (London and N.Y. 1991).
Stephen Dowell, A History of Taxation and Taxes in England (first edn. 1884; third edn. 1965) vol. 2, p. 43.
For a detailed discussion, see J.V. Beckett, ‘Land Tax or Excise: the Levying of Taxation in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-century England’, Eng. Hist. Rev. (1985), pp. 285–308.
See also B.E.V. Sabine, A Short History of Taxation (London 1980).
See David Ogg, England in the Reigns of James II and William III (Oxford 1984).
John Brewer, The Sinews of Power … 1688–1783 (London 1989), p. 40.
Figures calculated from D.W. Jones, War and Economy in the Age of William III and Marlborough (Oxford 1988) p. 70.
See R. and F. Somerset Fry, The History of Scotland (London 1982), pp. 182–90.
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© 1999 Roy Douglas
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Douglas, R. (1999). Revolution and After. In: Taxation in Britain since 1660. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375260_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230375260_2
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