Abstract
The previous chapter analysed the making of social policy in Korea. The present chapter will analyse the instruments used by the state to implement those policies. We will identify three types of state intervention in order to portray the mix of policy instruments used. We will also examine continuity and changes in the role of the state in relation to social policy institutions. Our analysis is limited to social welfare programmes and is therefore not a full analysis of state intervention in the market process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes and References
John Mohan used the terms, coordinator, facilitator and provider when refering to the role of the state, but he did not clearly define the terms and it is very difficult to distinguish between coordinator and facilitator. For this reason these terms do little to advance the understanding of the characteristics of state intervention. John Mohan, ‘Health Care Policy and the State in “Austerity Capitalism”’, in James Simmie and R. King, State in Action (London: Pinter, 1990).
See OECD, Financing and Delivering Health Care: A Comparative Analysis of OECD Countries (Paris: OECD, 1987), pp. 27–8.
Douglas Hibbs, ‘Political parties and macro-economic policy’, American Political Science Review, vol. 71 (1977)
Christopher Hewitt, ‘The effect of political democracy and social democracy on equality in industrial societies: a cross-national comparison’, American Sociological Review, vol. 42 (1977)
David Cameron, ‘The expansion of the public economy: a comparative analysis’, American Political Science Review, vol. 72 (1978)
Francis Castles, The Impact of Parties (London: Sage, 1982).
Bismarck’s reforms and the social policies of the Christian Democratic Parties are examples of this. For Bismarck’s social policies, see Gaston Rimlinger, Welfare Policy and Industrialization in Europe, America and Russia (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1971)
W. Dawson, Bismarck and State Socialism: An Exposition of the Social and Economic Legislation of Germany since 1870 (London: Swan Sonnenshein, 1890)
P. Paur, ‘The Corporatist Character of Bismarck’s Social Policy’, European Studies Review, vol. 11 (1981).
Kees van Kersbergen, ‘Catholicism and Social Citizenship: In Search of the Christian Democratic Welfare State’, paper presented at the conference on the Comparative Studies of Welfare State Development, Bremen, 1992.
Samir Amin, Unequal Development: an Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral Capitalism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1976)
Andre G. Frank, ‘The Development of Underdevelopment’, Monthly Review, vol. XVIII (1966)
Immanuel Wallerstein, The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).
Peter Evans, Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinational, State and Local Capital in Brazil (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979).
Ian Little, ‘True Experience and the Cause of Rapid Labour Intensive Development in Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore: and the Possibilities of Emulation’, ILO working paper WPII-1 (Bangkok: ILO, 1979).
Bela Balassa, ‘Structural Adjustment Policies in Developing Economies’, World Bank staff working paper no. 464 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1981), p. 8.
Alice Amsden, Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialisation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 14.
For subsidies see Hajoon Chang, The Political Economy of Industrial Policy (London: St. Martin’s, 1994), pp. 115–16.
Robert Wade, ‘The Role of Government in Overcoming Market Failure: Taiwan, Republic of Korea and Japan’, in Helen Hughes (ed.), Achieving Industrialization In East Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 130.
Peter Evans, ‘The State as Problem and Solution: Predation, Embedded Autonomy and Structural Change’, in Haggard and Kaufman, The Politics of Economic Adjustment (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992), p. 163.
Frederic Deyo (ed.), The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987), p. 17. Deyo differentiates between state-led strategies and state-induced strategies that emphasise the role of the private sector in implementing strategy within a broad political, legal infrastructural and economic framework. He argues that Korea and Taiwan adopted state-led strategies, and that in the Latin American context this basic distinction serves to separate periods of state-led, import substituting industrial restructuring from state-induced, and neo-conservative experiments in economic liberalisation.
Stephan Haggard, Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in the Newly Industrializing Countries (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990), p. 31.
A. V. Dicey, Law and Public Opinion in England (1954), pp. 283–4, quoted in Rimlinger, Welfare Policy and Industrialization op. cit., pp. 56–7.
International Labour Office, Introduction to Social Security (Geneva: ILO, 1984), pp. 43–4.
Ministry of Labour, Sanjae Pohöm I5-nyôn Sa (The Fifteen Year History of Industrial Accident Insurance) (Korea: Ministry of Labour, 1981), p. 27.
In 1981 the Ministry of Labour was established and it took over labour affairs previously dealt with by other ministries, including the management of industrial accident insurance. Ministry of Labour, Nodong Paeksō (Labour White Paper), (Ministry of Labour, 1990), p. 411.
KDI, Sahoe Pochang Chedo Kaesōn-ūl wihan Yōn’gu Pogosō (A Research Report on the Reform of the Social Welfare Programme) (Seoul; KDI, 1981), p. 102.
Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Pogōn Sahoe T’onggye Nyōnbo (Yearbook of Health and Social Statistics) (1990).
Anthony Atkinson, ‘The Social Safety Net’, Welfare State Programme Discussion Paper 166 (Suntory Toyota International Centre, 1991) pp. 16–17.
SO Sang-Mok et al., Pin’gon-ûi Silt’ae-wa Ybngsemin Taech’aek (The Situation of Poverty and Policies for the Poor) (Seoul: KDI, 1981), p. 192.
Ko Il-Tong, ‘Kongjōk Pucho Chedo-ūi Kaesōn-gwa Pin’gonch’ūng Taech’aek’ (Reform of the Public Assistance Programme and Policies for the Poor), in Kukka Yesan-gwa Chōngch’aek Mokp’yo (National Expenditure and Policy Targets) (Seoul: KDI, 1990), p. 332.
Choe Ch’ōnsong, Han’guk Sahoe Pojang Yōn’gusa (The History of Korean Social Policy Research) (Seoul: Korean Institute for Social Security, 1991), p. 121.
Peter Baldwin, The Politics of Social Solidarity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
Voice, exit and loyalty are Albert Hirshman’s concepts and describe a theory of reaction. A. Hirshman, Exit, Voice and Loyalty (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970).
Pak Chong Ki (Park Chong Kee), Han’gug-ūi Pogōn Chaejōnggwa ūiryo Pohōm (Health Financing and Health Insurance in Korea) (Seoul: KDI, 1979), p. 98.
Anne Mills, ‘Economic Aspects of Health Insurance’, in A. Mills and K. Lee (eds), The Economics of Health in Developing Countries (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), p. 80.
Le Grand shows that it is the middle class that benefits most from the National Health Service in Britain. See J. Le Grand, The Strategy of Equality: Redistribution and the Social Services (London: Allen and Unwin, 1982).
Willy De Geyndt, ‘Managing Health Expenditures Under National Health Insurance: the case of Korea’, World Bank technical paper no. 156 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1991), p. 1.
Yōn Hach’ōng and Hagyōng Kim, Pogon Ūiryo Chawōn-gwa Chillyo Saenghwal Kwon (Health and Medical Resources and Health Regions) (Seoul: KDI, 1980), pp. 56–67.
For models of health care systems, see Hellen Immergut, Health Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), pp. 34–79.
Min Chae-Sōng et al., Kungmin Yōn’giim Chedo-ūi Kibon Kusanggwa Kyōngje Sahoe Pagūp Hyogwa (The Idea of the National Pension Programme and Its Economic and Social Impact) (Seoul: KDI,1986), p. 18.
Kwak Tae-Won, ‘Pokchi Yesan-ūi Paengch’ang-gwa Kungmin-ūi Pudam’ (The Expansion of Welfare Spending and the Burden of Citizens), in Kukka Yesan-gwa Chōngch’aek Mokpyō (National Budget and Policy Targets) (Seoul: KDI, 1987), p. 79.
The formula of this intergenerational transfer differs between the pay-as-you-go system and the fund system. In the pay-as-you-go system the transfer between generations is direct in the sense that current pensions are paid for by those who are present by employed, who in turn can rely on the next generation’s contributions for their pensions. As for the fund system, future pensions are based on present contributions. The real value of this pension, however, depends on the next generation’s economic productivity. Despite this difference, both systems have intergenerational redistribution effects. See Nicholas Barr, The Economics of the Welfare State (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1987), pp. 205–221.
OECD, Ageing Population: The Social Policy Implications (Paris: OECD, 1988).
The amount of the lump-sum payment is the sum of contributions from the employer and the participant plus interest at a rate decided by the government. See Min Jae-Sung et al., Kungmin Yōn’gum Chedo-ūi Kibon Kusang-gwa Kyōngje Sahoe Pagiip Hyogwa (The Idea of the National Pension Programme and Its Economic and Social Impact) (Seoul: KDI, 1986), p. 135.
Pak Chong Ki (Park Chong Kee), Han’gug-ūi Pogōn Chaejōnggwa Uiryo Pohōm (Health Finance and Health Insurance in Korea) (Seoul: KDI, 1979), p. 36.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1999 Huck-ju Kwon
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kwon, Hj. (1999). The Structure of Social Policy. In: The Welfare State in Korea. St Antony’s Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230374294_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230374294_4
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-40230-4
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-37429-4
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)