Abstract
In 1968 Robert McNamara had become president of the Bank. He remained so until 1981. During that period the Bank was transformed from being one of many significant actors in the development of the Third World to dominating the field. Also, it shed its reluctance to deal directly with the inner life of countries and to press its agenda upon them. McNamara understood that economic development could not be separated from social, cultural, and political development.
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Notes
Robert S. McNamara, ‘To the Board of Governors, Washington, DC, Sept. 1, 1975,’ The McNamara Years at the Bank: Major Policy Addresses of Robert S. McNamara, 1968–1981. Baltimore:,Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981, p. 309.
Robert S. McNamara, ‘Address to UNCTAD,’ Santiago, Chile, 14 April 1972, p. 4. See
J. Kraske, et al., Bankers with a Mission: The Presidents ojthe World Bank. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996, p. 197.
Sheldon Annis, ‘The Shifting Grounds of Poverty Lending at the World Bank,’ in Richard E. Feinberg, ed., Between Two Worlds: The World Bank’s Next Decade. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1986, p. 89.
Robert L. Ayres, Banking on the Poor: The World Bank and World Poverty. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1983, p. 239.
Bruce Rich, Mortgaging the Earth. Boston: Beacon, 1994, p. 85. Quoted from
Edward S. Mason and Robert E. Asher, The World Bank Since Bretton Woods. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1973, p. 306.
Emmanuel Y. Ablo, et al., Advancing Social Development. Washington: The World Bank, 1995, p. xi.
David Beckman, ‘Reforming the World Bank: A Personal Testimony,’ The Christian Century, 16 April 1997, p. 397.
David Reed, ed., Structural Adjustment and the Environment. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992, p. 14.
U. D. de Bernis, ‘Development or Pauperization,’ in Paul Mark-Henry, ed., Poverty, Progress and Development. London: Kegan Paul International, 1991, pp. 86–137.
M. Miller, Coping Is Not Enough: The International Debt Crisis and the Roles of the World Bank and IMF. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1986, p. 43.
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© 1999 John B. Cobb, Jr.
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Cobb, J.B. (1999). The McNamara Years. In: The Earthist Challenge to Economism. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230374256_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230374256_6
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