Abstract
In his book Troubled Times Lincoln (1999), pointed to a key reason for Japan’s closed markets:
The amakudari system provides substantial reason to be skeptical of the extent of deregulation and the unilateral market opening in Japan because of the manner in which this practice establishes a broad web of personal ties between government and Japanese firms.1
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Notes
E. Lincoln, Troubled Times: US-Japan Trade Relations in the 1990s (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1999), p. 190.
K. Calder, ‘Elites in an Equalizing Role: Ex-Bureaucrats as Coordinators and Intermediaries in the Japanese Government Relationship’, Comparative Politics, 21, 4 (1989): 379–403 (p. 389).
K. Tsutsumi, The Monster Ministries and Amakudari: White Paper on Corruption [Kyodai Shocho Amakudari: Fuhai Hakusho] (Tokyo: Kodansha, 2000), pp. 145–75.
S. Carpenter, Why Japan Can’t Reform: Inside the System (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), p. 147.
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© 2012 Susan Carpenter
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Carpenter, S. (2012). Amakudari in the Ministries’ IAIs, Public Corporations, Research Institutes and Affiliated Agencies: the Insidious Side. In: Japan’s Nuclear Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230363717_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230363717_3
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