The Verdict

Abstract

All that remained for Judge Gary was to give the jury its charge. Judges were responsible for specifying to the jurors what laws applied to the case at hand and what their options were in considering the case. Both the prosecution and the defense were permitted to suggest to the judge those instructions and legal interpretations they believed necessary to clarify key issues. State’s Attorney Grinnell handed the judge 14 points of law, while the anarchists’ defense team asked the judge to read 74 instructions to the jury on its behalf, two-thirds of which (46) he delivered, the rest Gary marked “refused.”¹