Skip to main content

Abstract

In September 2005, Turkish scholars and intellectuals critical of the Turkish official historiography on the Armenian deportations and massacres of 1915 convened a conference in Istanbul to analyze and discuss the fate of the Armenians at the end of the Ottoman Empire. Among the many discussions held, one in particular was noteworthy in that it focused on those individuals who produce the Turkish official historiography. It had so transpired that immediately before the conference, the nationalist opponents to the conference had employed the Social Science Citation Index, a measure indicating one’s degree of influence in the international scholarly community, to criticize — albeit unsuccessfully — the international intellectual standing of the conference conveners. As one of the conveners, the historian Halil Berktay, discussed and criticized this tactic during the conference, he noted that he himself had conducted a similar citation check on the individuals who produced the Turkish official historiography only to find out that in opposition to the dozens and even hundreds of citations of conference conveners, there was not a single citation of the works of any of the major proponents of the official Turkish historiography such as Yusuf Halacoglu and Hikmet Ozdemir. Yet, even though these official proponents never get cited in the international scholarly community, they are extremely influential within Turkey where the Turkish official historiography still reigns triumphant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. M. Asaf, 1909 Adana Ermeni Olaylari ve Amlarim [1909 Adana Armenian Incidents and My Memoirs] (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  2. G. Çağali-Guven, Kamil Paşa ve Said Paşalarin Anilari: polemikler [Memoirs of Kamil Pasha and Sait Pasha: the polemics] (Istanbul: Arba Press, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. Kasim, Talat Paşa’nin Anilari [Memoirs of Talat Pasha] (Istanbul: Say Press, 1986).

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Mehmedefendioğlu, Sürgünden İntihara: Dr. Resid Bey’in Hatiralari [From Exile to Suicide: Memoirs of Dr Reşid Bey] (İzmir: Belge Press, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Sait Paşa Anilar [Memoirs of the Grand Vezir Sait Pasha] (Istanbul: Hur Press, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  6. H. N. Paşa, Ermeni Olaylari Tarihi [History of the Armenian Incidents] (Ankara: Prime Minister’s Press, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  7. E. Cengiz, ed., Ermeni Komitelerinin A’mal ve Hareket-i İhtilaliyesi [The Actions and Revolutionary Movements of the Armenian Committees] (Ankara: Prime Minister’s Press, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Prime Ministry Directorate General of Press and Information, Documents (Ankara: Prime Ministry Press, 1989).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Prime Ministry Directorate of State Archives, Osmanli Belgelerinde Ermeniler (1915–1920) [Armenians in Ottoman Documents] (Ankara: Prime Minister’s Press, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  10. National Congress of Turkey, The Turco-Armenian Question: The Turkish Point of View (Constantinople: Societé Anonyme de Papeterie et d’Imprimerie, 1919).

    Google Scholar 

  11. C. Birsel, Lozan [Lausanne] (Istanbul: Sosyal Press, 1933).

    Google Scholar 

  12. B. Şimşir, Lozan Telgraflari: Türk Diplomatik Belgelerinde Lozan Bariş Konferansi [The Lausanne Telegraphs: Lausanne Peace Conference through Turkish Diplomatic Documents] (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Y. G. Çark, Türk devleti hizmetinde Ermeniler (1453–1953) [Armenians in the service of the Turkish state] (Istanbul: Yeni Press, 1953).

    Google Scholar 

  14. E. Uras, Tarihte Ermeniler ve Ermeni meselesi [Armenians in history and the Armenian question] (Istanbul: Belge Press, 1953).

    Google Scholar 

  15. N. K. Demir, Bir Şehid Anasina Tarihin Söyledikleri: Türkiye’nin Ermeni Meselesi [What history told a martyr’s mother: the Armenian Question in Turkey] (Ankara: Hülbe Press, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Atatürk Üniversitesi Yirminci Yil Armağani, Ermeniler hakkinda makaleler derlemeler [Articles and selections on the Armenians] (Ankara: Kalite Press, 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jamanak, Facts from the Turkish Armenians [Realites exprimees par les armenien turcs/Türk Ermenilerinden gerçekler] (Istanbul: Jamanak Press, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Rektorlügü, Türk Tarihinde Ermeniler Sempozyumu [Symposium on the Armenians in Turkish history] (Manisa: Şafak Press, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  19. N. Göyünç, Osmali Idaresinde Ermeniler [Armenians under Ottoman administration] (Istanbul: Gültepe Press, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  20. N. Gülmez, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Zabitlarindan Dogu ve Güneydoğu meselesi [Eastern and southeastern question from the proceedings of the Turkish grand national assembly] (Istanbul: Hamle Press, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  21. K. Gürün, Ermeni Dosyasi [The Armenian file] (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ş. Orel and S. Yuca, Ermenilerce Talat Paşa’ya Atfedilen Telgraflarin Gerçek Yüzü [The truth about the telegrams attributed to Talat Pasha by the Armenians] (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  23. C. Küçük, Osmanli Diplomasisinde Ermeni Meselesinin Ortaya Çikişi (1878–1897) [The emergence of the Armenian Question in Ottoman diplomacy] (Istanbul: Istanbul University Press, 1984).

    Google Scholar 

  24. B. Şimşir, The Deportees of Malta and the Armenian Question (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press, 1983), British Documents on the Ottoman Armenians (1856–1880) (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. B. Birligi, Katliam Efsanesi [The massacre myth] (Ankara: Anatolian Press, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  26. K. Kartal, Van’dan Erivan’a Hatiralarim [My memoirs from Van to Erivan] (Ankara: Anatolian Press, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  27. B. Eryilmaz, Osmanli Devletinde Gayrimüslim Teb’aanin Yönetimi [The administration of the non-Muslims in the Ottoman state] (Istanbul: Risale Press, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  28. A. Süslü, Ermeniler ve 1915 Tehcir Olayi [Armenians and the Population Transfer Incident] (Ankara: Sistem Press, 1990).

    Google Scholar 

  29. S. Sonyel, The Great War and the Tragedy of Anatolia (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  30. T. Ataov, The Armenians in the late Ottoman Period (Ankara: Turkish Historical Society Press, 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  31. E. J. Zürcher, Milli Mücadelede İttihatçilik [The Unionist Factor: The Role of the Committee of Union and Progress in the Turkish National Movement, 1905–1926] (Istanbul: Bağlam Press, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  32. T. Akçam, Insan Haklan ve Ermeni Sorunu [Human Rights and the Armenian Question] (Istanbul: imge Press, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  33. T. Timur, Türkler ve Ermeniler: 1915 ve Sonrasi [Turks and Armenians: 1915 and its Aftermath] (Ankara: imge Press, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  34. H. Onur, Ermeni Portreleri: Milet-i (sic) Sadikadan Hayk’in Çocuklarina [Armenian portraits: from a loyal community to the children of hayk] (Istanbul: Burak Press, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  35. S. Hanioglu, Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902–1908 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  36. T. T. Vakfn, 75 Yilda Tebaa’danYurttaş’a Doğru [From subject to citizen in 75 years] (Istanbul: History Foundation Press, 1999).

    Google Scholar 

  37. O. S. Kocahanoglu, İttihat-Terakki’nin Sorgulanmasi ve Yargilanmasi: Meclis-i Mebusan Zabitlari [The interrogation and trial of the Union and Progress: proceedings of the Ottoman assembly] (Istanbul: Temel Press, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  38. F. Dündar, İttihat ve Terakki’nin Müslümanlari İskan Politikasi (1913–1918) [The Muslim settlement policy of the Union and Progress party] (Istanbul: İletişim Press, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  39. P. Tuglaci, Ermeni Edebiyatindan Seçkiler [Selections from Armenian literature] (Istanbul: Cem Press, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  40. H. Mintzuri, Atina, Tuzun Var mi? [Athena, have you got some salt?] (Istanbul: Aras Press, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  41. An. Özer, Yaşami Beklerken [While awaiting life] (Istanbul: Aras Press, 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Y. Sirmakeşliyan, Balikçi Sevdasi [Fisherman’s passion] (Istanbul: Aras Press, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  43. K. Zohrab, Hayat, Olduğu gibi [Life, as it is] (Ankara: Ayrag Press, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  44. İ. Ankan, Mahallemizdeki Ermeniler [Armenians in our neighborhood] (Istanbul: İletişim Press, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  45. R. G. Hovannisian, ‘The Armenian Case: Toward a Just Solution’ (Jerusalem: Hai Tad Committee, 1982), 14.

    Google Scholar 

  46. P. Balakian, The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America’s Response (New York: Harper Collins, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  47. V. N. Dadrian, ‘The Convergent Aspects of the Armenian and Jewish Cases of Genocide: A Reinterpretation of the Concept of Holocaust’, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 3, 2 (1988), 151–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. David Gaunt, Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I (New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2006).

    Google Scholar 

  49. M. Levene, Genocide in the Age of the Nation State. Volume 2: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide (London: I. B. Tauris, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  50. M. Geyer and C. Bright, ‘Global Violence and Nationalizing Wars in Eurasia and America: The Geopolitics of War in the Mid-Nineteenth Century’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 38 (1996), 619–57.

    Google Scholar 

  51. H. Kaiser, ‘A Scene from the inferno: The Armenians of Erzerum and the Genocide, 1915–1916’, in Der Völkermord an den Armeniern und die Shoah, eds, H.-L. Kieser and D. Schaller (Zurich: Chronos, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  52. U. Ü. Üngör, ‘‘A Reign of Terror’: CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913–1918’ (MA thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  53. K. Y. Suakjian, ‘Genocide in Trebizond: A Case Study of Armeno-Turkish Relations during the First World War’ (PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska, 1981).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Y. Ternon, Mardin 1915: Anatomie pathologique d’une destruction (Paris: Centre de l’Histoire Arménienne Contemporaine, 2000).

    Google Scholar 

  55. R. H. Kévorkian, ed., La Cilicie (1909–1921), special issue of Revue d’Histoire Arménienne Contemporaine 3 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  56. For a good summary of the routes, see R. H. Kévorkian, ed., L’Extermination des déportés arméniens ottomans dans les camps de concentration de Syrie-Mesopotamie (1915–1916): la deuxième phase du génocide (Paris: Bibliothèque Nubar, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  57. J. Lepsius, Der Todesgang des armenischen Volkes: Bericht über das Schicksal des armenischen Volkes in der Türkei während des Weltkrieges (Potsdam: Tempelverlag, 1919).

    Google Scholar 

  58. V. N. Dadrian, ‘The Complicity of the Party, the Government and the Military. Select Parliamentary and Judicial Documents’, Journal of Political and Military Sociology, 22 (1994), 29–96.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Michael Mann The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Raymond Kévorkian Le Génocide des Arméniens (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2006).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Annette Höss, ‘Die türkischen Kriegsgerichtsverhandlungen 1919–1921’ (PhD: Vienna, 1991).

    Google Scholar 

  62. James J. Reid, ‘Militarism, Partisan War and Destructive Inclinations in Ottoman Military History: 1854–1918’, Armenian Review, 39, 3 (1986), 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Arnold J. Toynbee, The Western Question in Greece and Turkey: A Study in the Contact of Civilizations (London: Constable and Co., 1923), pp. 278–80.

    Google Scholar 

  64. V. N. Dadrian, ‘The Role of the Special Organisation in the Armenian Genocide during the First World War’, in Minorities in Wartime, ed. P. Panayi (Oxford: Berg, 1993), pp. 50–82.

    Google Scholar 

  65. H. Pasdermadjian, Histoire de l’Armenie (Paris: Librairie orientale H. Samuelian, 1971), pp. 408–9.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Y. Ternon, Les Arméniens: histoire d’un génocide (Paris: Seuil, 1977), pp. 211–12.

    Google Scholar 

  67. A. Beylerian, ‘L’échec d’une percée internationale: Le mouvement national arménienne (1914–1923)’, Relations internationales, 31 (1982), 356.

    Google Scholar 

  68. J. H. Tashjian, ‘The Truth about the Turkish Act of Genocide’, Armenian Review, 18, 3 (1965), 41–52.

    Google Scholar 

  69. T. Akçam, Armenien und der Völkermord: Die Istanbuler Prozesse und die türkische Nationalbewegung (Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 1996), p. 37.

    Google Scholar 

  70. V. N. Dadrian, Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements of Turco-Armenian Conflict (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1999), Ch. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  71. H. Morgenthau, Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1918), p. 347.

    Google Scholar 

  72. D. Bloxham, The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), Ch. 2.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  73. A. D. Moses, ‘Conceptual Blockages and Definitional Dilemmas in the “Racial Century”: Genocides of Indigenous Peoples and the Holocaust’, Patterns of Prejudice, 36, 4 (2002), 21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. S. Deringil, ‘Legitimacy Structures in the Ottoman State: The Reign of Abdülhamid II (1876–1909)’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 23 (1991), 345–59.

    Google Scholar 

  75. J. Verheij, ‘Die armenischen Massaker von 1894–1896: Anatomie und Hintergründe einer Krise’, in Die armenische Frage und die Schweiz (1896–1923), ed., H.-L. Kieser (Zurich: Chronos, 1999), pp. 69–129.

    Google Scholar 

  76. R. Melson, ‘A Theoretical Enquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 24 (1982), 481–509.

    Google Scholar 

  77. S. Duguid, ‘The Politics of Unity: Hamidian Politics in Eastern Anatolia’, Middle Eastern Studies, 9 (1973), 139–55.

    Google Scholar 

  78. H.-L. Kieser, Der verpasste Friede: Mission, Ethnie und Staat in den Ostprovinzen der Türkei 1839–1938 (Zurich: Chronos, 2000), pp. 243–7.

    Google Scholar 

  79. E. J. Zürcher, Turkey: A Modern History (London: I. B. Tauris, 1998), p. 94.

    Google Scholar 

  80. K. H. Karpat, ‘The Transformation of the Ottoman State, 1789–1908’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 3 (1972), 243–81.

    Google Scholar 

  81. E. E. Ramsaur Jr., The Young Turks: Prelude to the Revolution of 1908 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957), p. 147.

    Google Scholar 

  82. M. A. Reynolds, ‘The Ottoman-Russian Struggle for Eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1908–1918’, (PhD dissertation, Princeton University, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  83. E. J. Zürcher, ‘Young Turks, Ottoman Muslims and Turkish Nationalists’, in Ottoman Past and Today’s Turkey, ed., K. Karpat (Leiden: Brill, 2000), pp. 150–79.

    Google Scholar 

  84. A. Arkun, ‘Les relations arméno-turques et les massacres de Cilicie de 1909’, in L’Actualité du génocide des Arméniens, ed. Comité de Défense de la Cause Arménienne (Paris: Edipol, 1999), pp. 55–74.

    Google Scholar 

  85. R. Kevorkian, ed., La Cilicie (1909–1921), special issue of Revue d’Histoire Arménienne Contemporaine, 3 (1999), 59–82.

    Google Scholar 

  86. R. Davison, Turkey: A Short History (Huntingdon: Eothen, 1988), 128–9.

    Google Scholar 

  87. D. McDowall, A Modern History of the Kurds (London: I.B. Tauris, 1996), pp. 90–1.

    Google Scholar 

  88. S. H. Astourian, ‘Testing World Systems Theory, Cilicia (1830s–1890s): Armenian-Turkish Polarization and the Ideology of Modern Ottoman Historiography’ (PhD dissertation: UCLA, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  89. R. G. Suny, ‘Empire and Nation: Armenians, Turks and the End of the Ottoman Empire’, Armenian Forum, 1, 2 (1998), 17–52.

    Google Scholar 

  90. M. Levene, ‘Creating a Modern “Zone of Genocide”: The Impact of Nation-and State-Formation on Eastern Anatolia, 1878–1923’, Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 12 (1998), 393–433.

    Google Scholar 

  91. B. Braude and B. Lewis, eds, Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: the Functioning of a Plural Society, 2 vols. (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  92. S. Astourian, ‘Genocidal Process: Reflections on the Armeno-Turkish Polarization’, in The Armenian Genocide, History, Politics, Ethics, ed. R. Hovannisian (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992), pp. 53–79.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  93. F. Ahmad, ‘Vanguard of a Nascent Bourgeoisie’, in Social and Economic History of Turkey (1071–1920), eds, O. Okyar and H. İnalcik (Ankara: Meteksan, 1980), pp. 329–50, esp. pp. 329–31.

    Google Scholar 

  94. A. Ter Minassian, Nationalism and Socialism in the Armenian Revolutionary Movement (Cambridge, MA, 1984), pp. 4–5, 15, 18, and Part II on the Bulgarian influence on the parties.

    Google Scholar 

  95. L. Nalbandian, The Armenian Revolutionary Movement (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1963).

    Google Scholar 

  96. C. Walker, Armenia: the Survival of a Nation (London: Routledge, 1980), pp. 110–32.

    Google Scholar 

  97. R. Davison, ‘The Armenian Crisis, 1912–1914’, American Historical Review, 53 (1948), 481–505.

    Google Scholar 

  98. M. Pavlovitch, ‘La Russie et les Arméniens’, La Revue Politique Internationale, 1 (1914), 470–1, 478–9.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2008 Donald Bloxham and Fatma Müge Göçek

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bloxham, D., Göçek, F.M. (2008). The Armenian Genocide. In: Stone, D. (eds) The Historiography of Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230297784_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230297784_14

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-230-27955-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-230-29778-4

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics